Abstract
This paper examines three types of natural insulation materials, such as fiberboard, hemp and straw, from the point of view of fire safety. Cellulose-based materials allow a wide range of applications when used for insulation and weatherproofing of buildings, in particular floors, roofs, ceilings, attics, sound barriers, etc. The use of these materials is increasing in ecological constructions as well as for weatherproofing wood-based structures. In terms of fire safety requirements, the question is: Which insulating material is the safest in terms of fire propagation? The article focuses on natural products used as external insulation systems which are covered by a facade plaster. Each type of insulation is briefly described in terms of its composition, use, and production process. We describe the process of preparation of samples as well as the testing and measurement procedures. Three tests were carried out for each type of material. For a more objective evaluation, results were averaged. The results of the cone calorimeter were used to obtain data for comparison. The aim is to clarify the behavior of the natural insulating material with regard to the heat release rate, ignition time, burning duration, and maximum heat release rate. These are the essential parameters for comparison. The values were compared to determine the safest material from the point of view of fire safety.
Highlights
Thermal insulation is the perfect protection of both load-bearing structures and residential space
We describe three types of natural insulating materials such as hemp, straw and fiberboard, in more detail
Our intention was to create a clear overview of the burning development of natural insulation materials through the HRR curve
Summary
Thermal insulation is the perfect protection of both load-bearing structures and residential space. External facades should save energy, provide good acoustic protection for people and have aesthetic value. This way, the structures are gradually coated with combustible materials. Building fires can cause huge economical damage to the property of several million euros, but more significantly, many people can die as a consequence These facts make it necessary for us to study fires and insulation materials for safety as well as for economic reasons. Basic fire-technical characteristics include ignition time, end of combustion, heat release rate, weight loss, and combustion heat This data is obtained using the cone calorimeter. These methods will provide us with enough values for optimal decision-making and ranking natural insulation material from the point of view of their fire safety
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