Abstract
Até ao momento, os estudos comparativos de planeamento territorial têm-se foco predominantemente no continente europeu. Desde o final da década de 1980, um crescente número de estudos tem contribuído para a proliferação de abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, bem como para uma melhor definição do objeto de estudo. Ao mesmo tempo, a comparação orientada a outros países do mundo é menos frequente, se excluídos os 'estéreis' relatórios desenvolvidos por organizações internacionais. Com enfoque na investigação das razões por detrás deste vazio empírico, o artigo analisa as implicações teóricas e os desafios que emergem quando se aplicam no Sul Global estruturas conceptuais e analíticas desenvolvidas no Hemisfério Norte. Para fazer isso, o artigo enfatiza o papel do legado colonial e, em seguida, argumenta a necessidade de ‘ir além da eficiência técnica’ do planeamento e considerar as relações de poder dominantes escondidas por trás da aparente neutralidade dos sistemas de planeamento e governança do território, particularmente em contextos onde as desigualdades espaciais são mais profundas. Nesse sentido, o artigo sugere considerar as práticas informais paralelamente às formais, como uma maneira de entender melhor os elementos que estruturam os sistemas de planeamento territorial e governança no Sul Global. Em suma, testar estudos comparativos de planeamento territorial na América Latina pode oferecer um valor agregado ao desenvolvimento regional, estabelecendo uma agenda regional para um planeamento do território mais integrado e cooperativo.
Highlights
The wording spatial governance and planning is generally used to refer to the heterogeneous set of theories and practices focusing on the regulation, management and development of space, as well as on the improvement of human well-being therein (Allmendinger &Tewdwr-Jones, 2002, Hall & Tewdwr-Jones, 2019)
The existing academic literature on the comparative analysis of spatial governance and planning in Europe without doubts provides a number of interesting elements and inputs to draw from, in order to approach the Latin American context
When doing so, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations that a conceptual and methodological framework developed in the Northern Hemisphere presents, when applied uncritically to the Global South
Summary
The wording spatial governance and planning is generally used to refer to the heterogeneous set of theories and practices focusing on the regulation, management and development of space, as well as on the improvement of human well-being therein (Allmendinger &Tewdwr-Jones, 2002, Hall & Tewdwr-Jones, 2019). The activities of this group have provided extensive commentary on aspects of comparative planning methodology, and developed a number of key recommendations for future research (Nadin, 2012; Reimer et al, 2014): - recognizing the dynamic nature of systems as changing and evolving; - addressing the actual practice of planning which may be very different from the formal system; - adopting a true multi-scalar approach that does not equate planning in a particular country with a ‘national system’; All these elements contributed to shape the conceptual and methodological framework of the most comprehensive and systematic study comparing spatial governance and planning systems in Europe. This could be done in the North by “learning in new ways, and in new relationships” (Connell, 2014, p. 219), i.e. by adopting different perspectives and prioritizing the neglected and counterhegemonic forces, for a wider understanding of spatial planning systems
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