Testimonio teatral de la violencia contra las mujeres en la dictadura argentina: NN 12 de Gracia Morales

Surveys and opinion polls were systematically carried out by the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983), becoming the main source to comprehend public opinion. Governmental and military institutions with intelligence services focused on the population carried out polls on collective moods, produced reports on the “psychosocial situation”, and designed communication strategies as well as propaganda campaigns to revert the trend of negative opinion. This article analyzes opinion polls and surveys carried out in 1981, which have not been systematically studied yet. The polls and surveys can be found in the BANADE archives. These documents open a new dimension of analysis, which leads to the hypothesis that the last military dictatorship in Argentina governed not only through constant repression but also through a productive plan, as systematic as the suppressive plan, aiming at the regulation of behavior to achieve useful outcomes (compliance, support, obedience, etc.).

This article will investigate the process of confronting death in cases of the disappeared of the last military dictatorship in Argentina. Based on the exhumation and identification of the body of a disappeared person, the article will reflect on how the persons social situation can be reconfigured, causing structural changes within the family and other groups. This will be followed by a discussion of the reflections generated by the anthropologist during his or her interview process, as well as an investigation into the authors own experiences in the field. This intimate relationship between the anthropologist and death, through the inevitable contact that takes place among the bodies, causes resonances in the context both of exhumations and of identifications in the anthropologists wider fieldwork.

This chapter presents an analysis of the functioning of the cultural repression’s agencies related to the cinematographic industry during the years of the last military dictatorship in Argentina. It aims to show the continuity in the mechanisms of censorship and state control during the twentieth century and to emphasize the reorganization that those had under this political system. It is proposed to offer a historical explanation, through the analysis of scripts and representations of different cinematographic narratives, about the reason why the state funded and the censorship favoured the circulation of numerous films, pierced by a strong erotism, very distant from the official speech about gender and sexuality. It is a hypothesis of this work that the contradiction between what the regime postulated in their public communications and the message produced by these films about gender and sexuality was not owed to a mere “double-speech” but a structural logic of functioning of the state during those years.

This paper analyses testimonies of survivors of the detention camps operated by the last military dictatorship in Argentina, with special attention to the functions served by the referencing of testimonies of the Shoah (above all in Ese infierno, a collective testimony by five women in dialogue form). The intertextuality herein assumes different functions in the shaping of discourses and representations, whether in the form of a quotation, an epigraph, a metaphor, an endeavour to legitimise what is being said, a comparison, or an effort to incorporate one’s own experience into a narrative of the catastrophe already so well known in human history.

This article examines the youth policy pursued by the mili-tary junta as part of the general authoritarian strategies used to control public life and to shape mass worldviews during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983). Applying Michel Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, the author analyses the interaction of military authorities with young people. Particular attention is paid to generational conflict and conservative ideology opposing changes in youth culture. The article also shows how the complex socio-political processes of the last dictatorship in Argentina were linked to the global conservative reaction observed in different countries in the 1970s. The topic touched upon by the author allows for a better understanding of authoritarian practices used to shape social norms, especially when influencing young people.

The last military dictatorship in Argentina was characterized by gross and systematic human rights violations. After the restoration of democracy in 1983, President Raúl Alfonsín put the military juntas on trial. Criminal prosecution of the abuses was later halted through laws and decrees. In 2003, under the Néstor Kirchner administration, the trials were resumed and some of the sentences incorporated the idea that the crimes had been committed in the framework of genocide. This article reconstructs the history of the uses and re-significations, furthered by local and transnational actors, of the category of genocide and the ways in which it was incorporated to characterize the crimes committed by the Argentine dictatorship. I argue that the use of this category shows the long presence of the Shoah paradigm in the country and the adoption of the international framework of human rights by actors involved in pro-accountability and memorialization processes.

The aim of this article is to analyse the presence of James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) in Respiracion artificial, the first novel by the Argentinean writer Ricardo Piglia (1941- ). Published in 1980, Respiracion is a fictional representation of a near and tragic past, the last Military Dictatorship in Argentina, but it is also a literary re-assessment of earlier stages in the history of the nation, as well as a metatextual comment on western culture and on Argentine literature. James Joyce’s Ulysses is present in Piglia’s novel mainly through its main character, Emilio Renzi, who belongs to a literary genealogy that can be traced back to Stephen Dedalus and even Stephen Daedalus, the protagonist of Stephen Hero. The analysis will focus on the many allusions and quotations of Ulysses in Piglia’s novel with the purpose of showing how they are resignified by Piglia in a different sociocultural context. Keywords: Ulysses; Respiracion artificial; Stephen Dedalus; Emilio Renzi; historiographic metafiction.

This article provides a comparative analysis of Muerte de un ciclista (dir. Juan Antonio Bardem, 1955) and La mujer sin cabeza (dir. Lucrecia Martel, 2008). It argues that both films use the hit-and-run motif to address class difference, but also to reflect on key historical events such as the Spanish Civil War and the desaparecidos during the last military dictatorship in Argentina. The article analyses how both films adopt and rework conventions of melodrama to produce a critique of the bourgeoisie from within. Finally, it contends that each film negotiates differently its affiliation to the melodramatic mode.

During the last military dictatorship in Argentina, between 350 and 400 citizens who feared for their life managed to find shelter in Israel. This article traces the evolving procedures, institutional mechanisms and routes of escape operated by the Israeli diplomats and representatives stationed in Argentina and the neighbouring countries, against the contradictory background of lack of clear-cut official policies in Israel, the latter's cordial relationships with the military government, and an ethos of helping persecuted Jews evinced by some of those Israelis stationed in Argentina. In parallel, the article presents the social and political background of those who chose to appeal for Israeli help and finds – on the basis of a specially designed database covering between fifty-seven and sixty-five per cent of the fleeing individuals – that many were not associated with Israel or Zionism and a minority were not Jews, as defined by religious criteria or even by broader criteria. The broader significance of these contradictory trends is discussed.

The U.S. Human Rights Policy Towards Argentina During the “Dirty War” 1976-1983 The paper aims to provide an analysis of the question of violations of human rights during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983) and the impact of this problem on bilateral relations with the United States. The article will focus mostly on the presidency of James “Jimmy” Earl Carter. The political line adopted by him, known as “the Carter doctrine” or “human rights policy” was the basis of restrictive attitude towards the Argentine dictators. In order to provide a complete analysis, the topic of the paper was treated broadly, covering not only bilateral, American-Argentine issues, but also multilateral forms of exerting pressure on Argentina, mainly at the United Nations and Organization of American States. The article also provides an analysis of the human rights policy itself, as well as of the state terror introduced by the Argentine military, known as the “Dirty War””.

This article analizes the way in which two novels, Antonio Dal Masetto's Hay unostipos abajo and Osvaldo Soriano's Cuarteles de invierno, re-present popularcelebrations during the last military dictatorship in Argentina. The objective of thiswork is to demonstrate that these celebrations take place in a climate of tension,vigilance and control because it is the military state that organizes them. I shalltherefore focus on the importance of the detective genre to provide a means to narratethe events from a surveillan and controlling point of view. Finally, I will considerwhether the representations of these celebrations proceed from the literary traditioninitiated by Bustos Domecq's short story “La fiesta del monstruo”, where the joyproceeds from the annihilation of the victim.

In this article we analyze the interaction between the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the transnational advocacy networks for human rights during the years of the last military dictatorship in Argentina. In the first place, we analyze the main characteristics and actors of these networks and reconstruct the process and the modalities of insertion of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo in them. Secondly, we inquire into the repertoire of action and the different forms of collaboration of international human rights organizations with the Argentinian group. Finally, we discuss the medium and long-term effects that these relationships had for the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, both for the dissemination of its cause and for its consolidation as an independent organization.

Through an ethnographic reading of an Argentine Supreme Court decision I explore the changing nature of the legal subject of human rights in light of emerging technologies. Guillermo Gabriel Prieto was suspected of being a ‘living disappeared’, one of the estimated 500 infants or young children forcibly abducted by the last military dictatorship in Argentina. They were raised by the perpetrators of the crime or their accomplices and kept unaware of their birth origins. The Court's deliberations focused on Guillermo's appeal of a lower‐court decision to carry out an identity test based on his shed‐DNA. The decision demonstrates that while the subject of human rights has often been equated with the bounded individual, new technologies challenge us to reconsider the subject's core characteristics: physical boundedness, autonomy, and individuality. I argue that the ruling offers us an alternative conception of the subject that could become the foundation for a new vision of human rights

The reflection on the archives that allow building historical knowledge about the last military dictatorship in Argentina opens a wide range of problems and potential inquiries. This article presents the first advances obtained in the exploration and analysis of the documentary collection that makes up the file of the Information Service of the Argentine Prefecture for the so-called “North Atlantic Zone”. For this, an approach to the so-called “Information Collection Plan”” of the Argentine Navy and, specifically, an analytical reading of a series of reports prepared during the years 1975 and 1976 are proposed, while identifying a moment of innovation in the Routine forms of force registration due to the imperatives of the so-called “fight against subversion”. The paper seeks to offer a set of initial questions about the registration, monitoring and intelligence practices of an internal security force sparsely explored today.

New clinical description for cases of children of disappeared [1] captive born to mothers under torture, harassment and abuse, as a special form of distress transmitted by the mother. These children had somehow the horror of torture-as state terrorism from their mothers after delivery being separated from them, and delivered by his captors to infertile couples, which generally hide their possible tort origin, especially from 1976 to 1982 period the last military dictatorship in Argentina, legally characterized. Discussed possible inclusion in the existing categories of ICD-10 WHO, making a comparison of possible diagnoses pictures descriptors: as the (F43.1, and F62.0), concluding on the need to apply to new presentation semiological pathognomonic the Persistent Personality Disorders, from within a situation of extreme stress of the mother, recognizable clinical ideosincrasica the child, derived from an original uniqueness pathogenesis. This syndrome has Funcionarios its singular specificity appear as identifier notoriously high sensitivity to detect children who, unaware of their history fetal spent in concentration camps of illegal detentions, whose mothers finished killed after torture. The likely impact of the violent situation in their appropriation, which would determine a new concept of alienated identity, or stolen personality (psycholegal concepts) related to the awareness that parents have their origin in tort is also suggested, that could have affected his upbringing and early education, very different from the usual way adoptions from another source. They have been added to this new confirmatory cases obtained from a current age group of 32-39 years. It has started a campaign of self-detection through the international spread of a self-administered questionnaire. At present the Association of G.a.m.a has-been recovered granddaughter No. 117.