Terror in Paris: Incidence and risk factors for infections related to high-energy ammunition injuries

Abstract

BackgroundWe aimed to assess the incidence and the risk factors for secondary wound infections associated to high-energy ammunition injuries (HEAI) in the cohort of civilian casualties from the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. MethodsThis retrospective multi-centric study included casualties presenting at least one HEAI who underwent surgery during the first 48 h following hospital admission. HEAI-associated infection was defined as a wound infection occurring within the initial 30 days following trauma. Risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsAmong the 200 included victims, the rate of infected wounds was 11.5%. The median time between admission and the surgical revision for secondary wound infection was 11 days [IQR 9–20]. No patient died from an infectious cause. Infections were polymicrobial in 44% of the cases. The major risk factors for secondary wound infection were ISS (p < 0.001), SAPS II (p < 0.001), MGAP (p < 0.001), haemorrhagic shock (p = 0.003), use of vasopressors (p < 0.001), blood transfusion (p < 0.001), abdominal penetrating trauma (p = 0.003), open fracture (p = 0.01), vascular injury (p = 0.001), duration of surgery (p = 0.009), presence of surgical material (p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the SAPS II score (OR 1.07 [1.014–1.182], p = 0.019) and the duration of surgery (OR 1.005 [1.000–1.012], p = 0.041) were the only risk factors identified. ConclusionWe report an 11.5% rate of secondary wound infection following high-energy ammunition injuries. Risk factors were an immediately severe condition and a prolonged surgery.