Terras, Mobilidade Socioespacial nas Fronteiras e Cidadania: Três direitos históricamente negados aos Avá-Guarani do Oeste do Paraná na Tríplice Fronteira (Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina)

Abstract

The violation of territorial / socioenvironmental rights of the Ava-Guarani of the West of Parana, a region included in the Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina), occurred from 1940, when they were impacted by large state projects: Parque Nacional do Iguacu (1939) and Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, from project to installation, from 1971 to 1982. In these 43 years, population and land data have been manipulated by institutional powers through actions / strategies that did not recognize the majority of the population and indigenous lands as such. They were expelled (physical violence) and their lands were ruined (document fraud). Almost all Ava-Guarani in the region were forced to go to indigenous lands already demarcated for another ethnicity, forced to seek refuge in other Guarani villages and, in their majority, they were pushed from Brazilian territory to villages in Paraguay. Land repossessions by Ava-Guarani have recently taken place; they are tiny and insufficient for dignified and rightful survival. They are surrounded by agribusiness, therefore by pesticides. The judicialization of the case is recent. Challenge: implement measures to repair rights. Methodology: field research with informants Ava-Guarani; ethnographic, archaeological, historical and geographic studies of Western Parana; study of the institutional documentation on the grouping; study of indigenous legislation on the documentation raised. Theoretical basis: dialectical materialism.