Abstract
Two new terpene glycosides (1–2) along with two known analogs (3–4) were obtained from the root of Sanguisorba officinalis, which is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and a hydrolysis reaction, as well as comparison of these data with the literature data. Compounds 1–4 exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in vitro by attenuating the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). An anti-inflammatory assay based on the zebrafish experimental platform indicated that compound 1 had good anti-inflammatory activity in vivo by not only regulating the distribution, but also by reducing the amount of the macrophages of the zebrafish exposed to copper sulfate.
Highlights
Sanguisorba officinalis belongs to the Rosaceae family and is distributed widely in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America [1]
As a response of the immune system to irritation and infection, inflammation represents a key component in normal tissue homeostasis
Deregulated inflammatory responses result in severely detrimental chronic conditions, including the accumulation of inflammatory mediators [11] as well as the infiltration of the affected tissue by leukocytes of the innate immune system [12]
Summary
Sanguisorba officinalis belongs to the Rosaceae family and is distributed widely in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America [1]. Due to the similarity of the innate immune systems between zebrafish and mammals, as well as the transparency of the zebrafish larvae, which allows real-time observation of the inflammatory response of fluorescent macrophages [14], zebrafish inflammatory models can successfully recapitulate the infiltration process of leukocytes. Due to the similarity of the innate immune systems between zebrafish and mammals, as well as the transparency of the zebrafish larvae, which allows real-time observation of the inflammatory response of fluorescent macrophages [14], zebrafish inflammatory models can Molecules. The details anti-inflammatory effect in zebrafish inflammation model.
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