Two Alkaloids From Delphinium brunonianum Royle, Their Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Stress Activity via NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Qi Tang,Li Wang,Sitan Chen,Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi,Changyang Ma,Senye Wang,Jiaojiao Qu,Wenyi Kang,Lijun Liu

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.826957

Abstract

In this study, we isolated and identified four compounds in Delphinium brunonianum Royle, and they were Delbrunine (1), 4-O-α-D-Glucosyl benzoic acid (2), Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) and Eldeline (4). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was screened in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 2 and 3 were weak, and 1, 4 had good anti-inflammatory activity. The macrophage inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by ELISA kits, qRT-PCR experiment and western blot experiment. And the anti-oxidative stress activity was assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that compounds 1, 4 could significantly inhibit the elevation of inflammatory factors nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and also had obvious inhibitory effects on the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). In addition, compounds 1 and 4 could effectively inhibit the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW264.7 cells that activated by LPS. These results indicated that compounds 1 and 4 may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Highlights

Inflammation is the basis of many pathological processes [1]
RAW264.7 cells were treated according to the above method, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 was determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions
The results showed that compound 1 and compound 4 could markedly reduce the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in RAW264.7 cells (Figures 3C,D)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Inflammation is the basis of many pathological processes [1]. The main symptoms associated with inflammatory disorders include body pain, arthralgia, myalgia, fever, local swelling and frequent infections [2]. Are activated, including macrophages, which have been found to play a central role in the anti-inflammatory process [7]. Excessive release of inflammatory mediators can cause damage to the body, so inhibiting the production of these cytokines may be an effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. TNF-α is mainly produced by macrophages which can activate white blood cells and endothelial cells, causing extensive damage to tissues. Past research has shown that the anti-tumor activity of D. brunonianum, but its anti-inflammatory active ingredients and mechanism are still unclear [20]. Studies have shown that LPS can stimulate macrophages to induce inflammation and increase the production of reactive oxygen species [27]. This study established macrophage inflammation model using LPS to explore the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of D. brunonianum

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULT

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

Findings

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT