Abstract
An improved method for fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is introduced. We enhanced the old binary fingerprinting method, where the fingerprint bit values were ±1, by introducing ternary fingerprint bits utilizing a reference odor. In the ternary method, the fingerprint bit values are −1, 0, and +1, where the 0 value stands for the situation where the slope of the spectrum is identical to that of the reference odor. The application of the reference odor spectrum makes the fingerprint relative to the reference. The ternary nature and the reference feature increase the information entropy of the fingerprints. The method is briefly illustrated by sensing bacterial odor in cow manure isolates.
Highlights
After introducing the ternary method, we demonstrate and compare it with the binary one by generating these fingerprints with cow-manure related odor
The reproducibility of the odor sensing systems is of great importance
The power density spectra (PDS) was measured in laboratory air, shown by [49]
Summary
Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41] evolved from the observations that the random fluctuations of physical quantities potentially carry more information about the physical system than their average value This statement is valid for sensory signals and conductance noise of samples with non-passivated surfaces indicated an unwelcome external interference in laboratory experiments.
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