Abstract
With a 40‐year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe the methodology and results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has grown substantially and is not consistent in many aspects. Given the platform offered by this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, the authors decided to describe many of the implicated terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions. This work covers terms used to describe all aspects of MRS, starting from the description of the MR signal and its theoretical basis to acquisition methods, processing and to quantification procedures, as well as terms involved in describing results, for example, those used with regard to aspects of quality, reproducibility or indications of error. The descriptions of the meanings of such terms emerge from the descriptions of the basic concepts involved in MRS methods and examinations. This paper also includes specific suggestions for future use of terms where multiple conventions have emerged or coexisted in the past.
Highlights
With its roots in high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and a 40-year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS)* has grown substantially, with some inconsistent or poorly defined usage
Motivated by the opportunity to gather a large number of contributing authors with the launch of this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, this article aims to describe many of these terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions
This report explains terms that describe context, concepts and terminology relevant for in vivo MR spectroscopy, in particular for the description of MRS methods and the properties of in vivo MR spectra. This has emerged as a consensus among a large group of contributing authors who are experts in the field, as documented by their publication histories
Summary
With its roots in high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and a 40-year history of use for in vivo studies, the terminology used to describe in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS)* has grown substantially, with some inconsistent or poorly defined usage. Motivated by the opportunity to gather a large number of contributing authors with the launch of this special issue on advanced MRS methodology, this article aims to describe many of these terms, to pinpoint differences in their meanings and to suggest specific uses or definitions. This discussion applies to in vivo MR measurements in humans and animals obtained with single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS, acquisition of a spectrum from a single localized volume) and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI, simultaneous acquisition of separate spectra from multiple volumes, based on spatial separation of these volumes by use of signal evolution under MR gradients). To go deeper into understanding those concepts, the reader is referred to the original literature or to textbooks on MRS.[6]
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