Terapeutas ocupacionais novatos em unidades de cuidados críticos: quais estratégias educativas de reabilitação e cuidados são implementadas em sua formação?

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Practical training for occupational therapists in critical care units is essential for professional performance in rehabilitation and clinical care areas. Objective To analyze the use of educational strategies employed in critical care units and their integration into the professional development process for novice occupational therapists. Methodology A qualitative research with a phenomenological approach and descriptive design was conducted. Intentional sampling was employed. Data was obtained through the application of semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and documentary review. Four occupational therapists working in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago, Chile, participated. The data was coded into themes, categories, and subcategories for analysis, considering the units of meaning present in the messages from a hermeneutic perspective. Results The necessary theoretical-practical integration required for the development of high-quality professional competencies in critical care environments is emphasized. Effective educational strategies for novice occupational therapists are considered, including systematic mentoring, participation in interdisciplinary teams, and ongoing feedback from experiences in intensive medicine. Conclusion The importance of achieving high-quality professional training for occupational therapists is emphasized through the implementation of interdisciplinary collaboration strategies, recognizing the significance of strengthening effective communication skills between occupational therapists and critical care patients. The need to establish a specific training field for educational strategies in the development of professional competencies for novice occupational therapists is identified.