TEP Considering Wind Farms, Network Congestion, Line Repairs, and Reliability

Abstract

This paper studies transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem considering effects of wind farms on transmission network congestion, power system reliability, line repair, and operational costs of wind and generating units in a deregulated environment. Transmission congestion is modeled using difference between local marginal prices (LMPs) of start and end buses of each line that is multiplied by its power flow. In this way, wind units can efficiently affect network congestion through decrease in lines loading and LMPs of buses. Transmission system reliability is modeled using load shedding (LS) index as well as outage rate and outage duration of a single line or simultaneous outage of a line and a wind unit. Also, generation reliability is formulated using loss of load, value of lost load, and LS criteria due to outage rates and outage durations of generating and wind units considering line limits. In addition, the effect of wind units on repair cost of transmission lines is modeled by the relationship among wind generation, line failure rates and lines loading. Operational cost includes cost of network losses, pollution penalty, fuel expenses, and generation cost of wind units. In order to more efficiently investigate the effect of wind power on TEP problem, the proposed model was tested on the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE RTS) for different scenarios, and the results were discussed.