Abstract
Theories of international trade: a debate on the relationship between economic growth and foreign market insertion. The paper analyzes the importance accorded to the high technology industry sector in the process of economic growth, in its relation to international trade. Considering at first liberal arguments that disregard productive and commercial specialization as a cause of unequal economic development, the paper discusses then some institutionalist and evolutionist arguments which, since List, stress that high technology specialization matters for the rate of increase of productivity and for the surmount for foreign exchange restrictions to growth.
Highlights
Theories of international trade: a debate on the relationship between economic growth and foreign market insertion
The paper analyzes the importance accorded to the high technology industry sector in the process
that high technology specialization matters for the rate of increase
Summary
Theories of international trade: a debate on the relationship between economic growth and foreign market insertion. Considering at first liberal arguments that disregard productive and commercial specialization as a cause of unequal economic development, the paper discusses some institutionalist and evolutionist arguments which, since List, stress that high technology specialization matters for the rate of increase of productivity and for the surmount for foreign exchange restrictions to growth. Revista de Economia Política 32 (2), 2012 uma mesma conclusão: que o livre-comércio induz agentes econômicos a alocar recursos de modo a especializar países de acordo com perfis de eficiência produtiva desiguais mas complementares, levando-os a maximizar a riqueza das nações (ou o benefício dos consumidores), dados os recursos e capacitações existentes. As políticas vieram e devem especialmente buscar desenvolver ramos industriais de alta tecnologia, ou pelo menos elevar o grau de intensidade tecnológica da especialização produtiva nacional, propiciando ganhos de produtividade e competitividade que não resultariam espontaneamente do livre-comércio. O segundo item aborda argumentos institucionalistas e evolucionistas que criticam teoricamente e procuram refutar empiricamente o liberalismo econômico, e o último item faz considerações finais
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