Abstract
RESUMO A Escola de Tártu-Moscou aceitou, como atitude profissional, reconstruir a tradição e ligar-se com as realizações - esquecidas ou reprimidas cultural e cientificamente - das primeiras décadas do séc. XX. Uma missão de Lotman como um de seus líderes foi conhecer e mediar a herança esquecida. Na situação de censura muitos contatos entre Lotman e a teoria russa não estavam visíveis. Dessa forma, a síntese de Lotman, Tynianov, Bakhtin, Vygotsky, Eisenstein e outros, num intenso diálogo implícito, pode ser a base para a formação da próxima etapa da semiótica da cultura. Enfim, a compreensão de Tynianov acerca da dinâmica literária e cultural, a teoria semiótica lotmaniana de texto e seus pensamentos sobre um modelo de espaço como uma das linguagens primárias da cultura, e a teoria bakhtiniana do cronotopo formam um complexo teórico que pode oferecer novas possibilidades para o desenvolvimento tanto dos princípios culturais teóricos e práticos quanto da análise textual.
Highlights
The Tartu‒Moscow School accepted as its professional attitude to reconstruct the tradition and connect itself to the forgotten or repressed cultural-scientific achievements of the period of the first decades of the 20th century
Lotman and the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. The stage of this new interest towards formalism was represented by reprinting and commenting works written by the formalists (IVANOV, 2013, pp.15-16). In this linear historical logic the new phase of interest paid to the heritage of Russian formalism arrived at the beginning of the 21th century, when in Yale the conference Slavic Theory Today: Between History and System (2002) was organised and in Moscow the conference Lotmanian reading (2002) took place and its papers were published under the title Russian Theory (ZENZIN, 2004)
We can find a deep analysis of the early works of Vygotsky and Bakhtin in the context of formalism in the book of Aage Hansen-Löve, Russian Formalism (2001, pp.411-446)
Summary
In the linear history of Russian formalist school and its critical reception there exists an interruption. From the narrower point of view semiotics of culture is a result of a process rooted in Russian Formalism and going through Prague Linguistic Circle, Roman Jakobson and Tartu‒Moscow School of semiotics This viewpoint explains the general logic of the emergence and development of cultural semiotics thinking. This meant the actualisation from Russian formalism first the heritage of its initial stage, and with the emergence of cultural semiotics, the later achievements from the evolutionary process of Russian Formalism This second orientation belonged to Petersburg-Leningrad tradition and includes representatives of Russian theory like Propp, Freidenberg, Bakhtin and others (LOTMAN, 1991, p.91). A text can be delineated in different ways as a text in a certain language, as a representative of a certain literary genre, as an expression of a literary-historical style, as a social message, as an artistic text – in other words, conceptualised and correlated with the cultural environment to different extents
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