Abstract
The paper presents some of the main thesis of the “Critical Theory of Linguistics” on which the author is working at present, together with epistemological and ethical motivations underlying them. It starts from the Humboldtian axiom “language is real only while speaking each time”, opposing this viewpoint to several theoretical positions in the 20th century; positions that have replaced the fact of considering human speech as something rigorously individual and historical by images of “language” reduced to systems and rules acting beyond individuals and investigated under scientistic methodologies. Contrary to “linguistic ideologies” which have become dominant she proposes to follow the Kantian commitment of studying the human being not in order to “describe”, but aiming that he should “make the best possible out of himself”. Thus she unites the criticism against the metaphysics underlying formal structuralisms with an ethics in accordance with Western humanism. She also underscores the importance of studying language from a historical and comparative perspective.
Highlights
Lingüística de la facticidadHumboldt aborda la comprensión de lo que ocurre al hablar desde una posición no sustancialista ni identitaria
The paper presents some of the main thesis of the “Critical Theory of Linguistics” on which the author is working at present, together with epistemological and ethical motivations underlying them
It starts from the Humboldtian axiom “language is real only while speaking each time”, opposing this viewpoint to several theoretical positions in the 20th century; positions that have replaced the fact of considering human speech as something rigorously individual and historical by images of “language” reduced to systems and rules acting beyond individuals and investigated under scientistic methodologies
Summary
Humboldt aborda la comprensión de lo que ocurre al hablar desde una posición no sustancialista ni identitaria. Hablar no es “aplicar” un lenguaje ni “usar” unas palabras, sino que es crear sentido a partir de los rastros sonoros y simbólicos de los anteriores actos de habla en el caso del hablante, y recrear sentido a partir de las palabras escuchadas al otro en el caso del oyente. El cerebro humano está en un movimiento constante de estructuración y reestructuración, de modo que, cuando echamos a hablar, lo hacemos por los cauces que nuestro propio cerebro genera y regenera de continuo, como ya intuyó con toda claridad el indoeuropeísta alemán Hermann Paul. También como gramáticos o lingüistas, generamos estructura sobre la base de estructuraciones ya experimentadas previamente, pero estas últimas no nos condicionan de un modo absoluto, aunque sí lo hagan masivamente. Pero ni el modo ni el grado de estructuración de nuestro hablar son constantes: hay que pensarlos como variables. El hablar funciona en parte como un juego de planos entre lo estructurado y lo difuso o desestructurado
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