Abstract
Uniaxial tensile tests of basalt fiber/epoxy (BF/EP) composite material with four different fiber orientations were conducted under four different fiber volume fractions, and the variations of BF/EP composite material failure modes and tensile mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that when the fiber volume fraction is constant, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and limiting strain of BF/EP composite material all decrease with increasing fiber orientation angle. When the fiber orientation angle is constant, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and limiting strain of BF/EP composite material all increase with increasing fiber volume fraction. A certain degree of fiber clustering appears in the epoxy resin when the basalt fiber volume fraction is >1.2%. The fiber equidistribution coefficient and clustering fiber content were used to characterize the basalt fiber clustering effect. With the increase of fiber volume fraction, the clustering fiber content gradually increased, but the fiber equidistribution coefficient decreased. Meanwhile, based on Tsai theory, a geometric model and a tensile mechanical model of the clustering fiber are established. By considering the fiber clustering effect, the BF/EP composite material tensile strength is calculated, and the calculated values are close to the experimental results.
Highlights
Basalt fiber is a new type of mineral fiber made from the melting of natural basalt at high temperature (1400–1500°C) [1]
Basalt fiber/epoxy (BF/EP) composite material is made by adding specific amounts of basalt fiber to epoxy resin. e addition of basalt fiber effectively reduces the internal stress of the epoxy resin and improves its mechanical properties [6]
Compared with glass fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) composite material and carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite material, due to its excellent properties such as higher corrosion resistance, excellent durability, and resistance to high temperature, BF/EP composite material can be used for strengthening the structure after long-term chemical corrosion or exposure to fire so that the service life of the structure is improved
Summary
Basalt fiber is a new type of mineral fiber made from the melting of natural basalt at high temperature (1400–1500°C) [1]. Because of the high tensile strength, light weight, and convenient construction, BF/EP composite material can be used as a new type of reinforcement material and applied to repair and strengthening of concrete structure and steel structure in civil engineering [7]. The reinforcement material is glued to the tensile area of concrete component (walls, beams, slabs, and columns), which can effectively improve its carrying capacity, avoid excessive deformation of the cross section, and prevent the crack expansion [8,9,10]. Compared with glass fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) composite material and carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite material, due to its excellent properties such as higher corrosion resistance, excellent durability, and resistance to high temperature, BF/EP composite material can be used for strengthening the structure (concrete and steel) after long-term chemical corrosion or exposure to fire so that the service life of the structure is improved. The intensive research of the manufacturing process and mechanical property of BF/EP composite
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