Abstract
Problem statement: A sediment analysis study was conducted at the Chini River on 16 and 31 August 2008. This study was conducted to review the formation of suspended sediment load in the Lake Chini catchment area, which flows into the Pahang River via the Chini River. Approach: Three sampling stations were chosen, the first one at upstream Chini River (S1), mid-stream Chini River (S2) and downstream Chini River (S3). Three parameters were quantified for this study, namely: distribution of sediment grain size (g), concentration of suspended sediment (mg L-1) and river discharge values (in m3 sec-1). Results: The findings of the study show that the sizes of sediment fall between phi O-2.00 with very rough particle sizes falling between phi-1.00 and phi 0.00. At the study area, the daily discharge value is estimated at 722, 304, 00 L day-1. The average suspended sediment concentration recorded for each station shows varying values for both timelines. The values were 27.33 mg L-1 on 16/08/08 and 2.233 mg L-1 on 31/08/08. Conclusion: The average value for all stations calculated based on the formation of suspended sediment load per day falls between 16,480.4627 kg day-1 on 16/08/08 and 1,540.43 kg day-1 on 31/08/08. Overall, when this number was extrapolated to every square kilometre, the result showed that the estimated average sediment that flows out of Lake Chini is 73.22 tonnes km-2 year-1.
Highlights
Sediments are defined as the organic and inorganic materials or solid fragments derived from the weathering processes of sand, pebbles, silt, mud and loess
Three sampling stations representing the 4.8 km length of the Chini River were selected: station 1 (S1) upstream Chini River, station 2 (S2) mid-stream Chini River and station 3 (S3) downstream Chini River. As this river is the only outlet from the Chini Lake, the selection of station 1 (S1) is important to indicate the volume of sediment being transported from the Lake, while the sediment yield from station 3(3) can be used to estimate the sediment production along the Chini River, those from boat operators which carry the tourists in and out from Chini lake
Through long-term research on changes in suspended sediment load and taking into account the weather variable, it has been found that the rate of loss of surface soil is very high during the monsoon season
Summary
Sediments are defined as the organic and inorganic materials or solid fragments derived from the weathering processes of sand, pebbles, silt, mud and loess (fine-grained soil). These are carried by wind, ice or other naturally occurring agents. Sediments can be defined as the material deposited at the bottom of rivers, which are silt and deposits[1]. The sediment size can be small, such as sand, small pebbles and silt, or large such as boulders, which are normally found upriver. Sediments found in estuaries are mostly fine-grained, such as sand and silt. The speed at which water flows in rivers plays an important part in determining its capacity to carry away sediments. Slower moving rivers will have a lower rate of sediment movement
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