Abstract
To examine incidence trends and patterns for early- and late-onset liver cancer. Liver and intrahepatic bile duct (IBD) cancers diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were acquired from 22 SEER registries. Variables included early-onset (20-49) vs. late-onset (50+), anatomic subsite, histologic type (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and IBD cholangiocarcinoma [ICC]), sex, and race/ethnicity. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using SEER*Stat. Jointpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) with pairwise comparisons for trend by sex and by race/ethnicity stratified by age and subsite. Liver cancer incidence decreased among early-onset (AAPC [95% CI] -2.39 [-2.74, -2.07]) but increased among late-onset patients (2.85 [2.71, 3.01]), primarily driven by HCC (3.60 [3.50, 3.71]). IBD incidence increased for both ages with ICC incidence annually increasing 7.92% (6.84, 9.26) for early-onset and 6.32% (5.46, 8.86) for late-onset patients. Early-onset liver cancer displayed comparable trends across racial/ethnic groups; however, late-onset liver cancer showed more variation, particularly among American Indian/Alaska Native/Asian Pacific Islander (AI/AN/API) populations, which experienced a significant decrease in incidence, thereby narrowing the gap with other racial/ethnic groups. For IBD, an identical pattern of early-onset IBD among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to Hispanics was showed with coincidence test p = 0.1522, and a parallel pattern was observed among late-onset patients for both sexes(p = 0.5087). Late-onset HCC continues to rise, except for NHB and AI/AN/API, where incidence rates have started to decrease over the past 4-5years. Early and late-onset ICC incidence continues to increase across all racial/ethnic groups.
Published Version
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