Abstract
BackgroundSince 2009, Fundación Mundo Sano has implemented an Aedes aegypti Surveillance and Control Program in Tartagal city (Salta Province, Argentina). The purpose of this study was to analyze temporal dynamics of Ae. aegypti breeding sites spatial distribution, during five years of samplings, and the effect of control actions over vector population dynamics.Methodology/Principal FindingsSeasonal entomological (larval) samplings were conducted in 17,815 fixed sites in Tartagal urban area between 2009 and 2014. Based on information of breeding sites abundance, from satellite remote sensing data (RS), and by the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spatial analysis (hotspots and cluster analysis) and predictive model (MaxEnt) were performed. Spatial analysis showed a distribution pattern with the highest breeding densities registered in city outskirts. The model indicated that 75% of Ae. aegypti distribution is explained by 3 variables: bare soil coverage percentage (44.9%), urbanization coverage percentage(13.5%) and water distribution (11.6%).Conclusions/SignificanceThis results have called attention to the way entomological field data and information from geospatial origin (RS/GIS) are used to infer scenarios which could then be applied in epidemiological surveillance programs and in the determination of dengue control strategies. Predictive maps development constructed with Ae. aegypti systematic spatiotemporal data, in Tartagal city, would allow public health workers to identify and target high-risk areas with appropriate and timely control measures. These tools could help decision-makers to improve health system responses and preventive measures related to vector control.
Highlights
Mosquitoes of Aedes genus are the principal vectors of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Chinkungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas [1,2]
Relevant results are shown on how Ae. aegypti breeding sites are distributed in dynamic spatial patterns in a small city on northern Argentina. 5 years of entomologic data were obtained by Mundo Sano Foundation, which is implementing an Aedes aegypti Surveillance and Control Program in Tartagal City (Salta Province, Argentina)
The focus of this contribution is based on the difference that can found between one year data typical analysis and long term temporal evolution of spatial patterns
Summary
Mosquitoes of Aedes genus are the principal vectors of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Chinkungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas [1,2]. This specie is characterized by its adaptation to the urban environment, its capacity and preference of breeding in artificial containers [4], the resistance of its eggs to desiccation and the feeding behavior of the female which bites in multiple occasions during each gonadotrophic cycle [5] These characteristics, together with this vector wide distribution in Northern Argentina, constitute fundamental factors that influence circulation and transmission of Dengue and other related viruses in the region [6]. A major dengue outbreak reached subtropical regions of Argentina in 2009, affecting more than 25,900 people including localities such as Buenos Aires and Córdoba [9,10]; the largest percentage (over 90%) corresponded to case reports from Chaco, Catamarca and Salta provinces [8] In this last province, in Tartagal city, around 665 dengue cases were confirmed including the first fatal case of this disease to be ever registered in Argentina [8]. The purpose of this study was to analyze temporal dynamics of Ae. aegypti breeding sites spatial distribution, during five years of samplings, and the effect of control actions over vector population dynamics.
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