Temporal distribution pattern of butterflies in an unfenced location at Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The same niche cannot support two species. To avoid negative interactions, species adapt their presence and utilize different types of resources according to different time periods. Many factors, including temperature, influence insect communities. Butterfly species utilize similar habitat types or even microhabitats with other co-species and share the same daytime if the resources are plentiful. However, they follow a certain ecological pattern of temporal distribution by using different intervals of the same time frame. With the use of the Modified Pollard Walk Method, the present study explores butterfly presence, species exclusivity, and commonality in an area situated in Jolkol, Serampore, West Bengal. The presence of reliable sources of nectar, a plentiful supply of food plants conducive to egg-laying, ample sunlight in open spaces, minimal pesticide usage, and limited human interference within the examined region have all contributed to a diverse array of butterfly species in the area. Butterfly species are susceptible to changes in landscape and vegetation, and the loss of habitats caused by urbanization and environmental degradation threatens butterfly diversity. Many butterfly species function as ecological indicators and provide numerous ecosystem services. As a result, conservation and preservation of butterfly diversity are important, particularly in urban habitats.