Abstract

BackgroundCoordinated scaled-up malaria control interventions have substantially contributed to the dramatic decrease of malaria-related morbidity and mortality in several endemic countries, including Senegal. However, the impacts of a given malaria control intervention on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and disease burden remain very poorly documented largely due to the lack of continuous surveys. This study took advantage of the sera bank established as part of the Dielmo longitudinal project to investigate the dynamics of IgG antibody responses that accompanied the epidemiological changes resulting from malaria control interventions. Schizonts crude extract of a local strain of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfsch07/03) was used in ELISA to measure and compare seroprevalence and magnitude of IgG antibody responses from 2000 to 2012.ResultsThe prevalence of Pfsch07/03 IgG antibody responses progressively decreased from 97.25% in 2000 to 57.3% in 2012. The prevalence of Pfsch07/03 antibodies categorized between three different age groups (<7, 7–15, and >15 years) revealed increased seroprevalence with age ranging from 47.19 to 62.67 and 89.45%, respectively in (<7, 7–15, and >15 years) old age groups. A marked drop in seroprevalence was observed after 2008 and was significant in the younger (<7 years) and intermediate (7–15 years) age groups, unlike older individuals aged >15 years (p = 1.00).ConclusionsThe study revealed a substantial contribution of all malaria control interventions to the decrease of IgG antibodies responses to Pfsch07/03 throughout prevention of human-mosquitos contacts, or reduction of parasite biomass. The present study demonstrates the wider potential of sero-epidemiological analysis in monitoring changes in malaria transmission resulting from a given malaria control intervention.

Highlights

  • Coordinated scaled-up malaria control interventions have substantially contributed to the dramatic decrease of malaria-related morbidity and mortality in several endemic countries, including Senegal

  • The samples were obtained from inhabitants of Dielmo aged 3.4 to 90.9 years old and were tested for antibody responses to crude schizont extract from a locally adapted P. falciparum parasite strain (Pf07/03)

  • This study took advantage of the sera bank established as part of the Dielmo project to investigate the dynamics of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses that accompanied the epidemiological changes resulting from malaria control interventions

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Summary

Introduction

Coordinated scaled-up malaria control interventions have substantially contributed to the dramatic decrease of malaria-related morbidity and mortality in several endemic countries, including Senegal. The impacts of a given malaria control intervention on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and disease burden remain very poorly documented largely due to the lack of continuous surveys. 2007 and a countrywide deployment of long-lasting insecticide-treated bet nets (LLINs) since August 2008 These policies have substantially contributed in the dramatic decrease of both malaria morbidity and mortality in several Senegalese regions [2, 3]. To guide strategies to eliminate malaria from endemic areas, a better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and disease burden is needed. The monitoring and analysis of malaria epidemiology in Dielmo over two decades revealed dramatic decrease of all malaria indicators (entomological inoculation rate, parasite prevalence changes, morbidity and mortality) between 1990 and 2012 [7]. The choice of first line antimalarial treatment and the deployment of LLINs to the entire population are believed to be the most important factors governing the dramatic changes in parasite rates and malaria morbidity [7]

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