Temperature Regulation of Primary and Secondary Seed Dormancy in Rosa canina L.: Findings from Proteomic Analysis.

Tomasz A. Pawłowski,Barbara Bujarska-Borkowska,Paweł Chmielarz,Jan Suszka,Aleksandra M. Staszak,Ewelina A. Klupczyńska,Tadeusz Tylkowski

doi:10.3390/ijms21197008

Tomasz A. Pawłowski, Barbara Bujarska-Borkowska + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197008

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Abstract

Temperature is a key environmental factor restricting seed germination. Rose (Rosa canina L.) seeds are characterized by physical/physiological dormancy, which is broken during warm, followed by cold stratification. Exposing pretreated seeds to 20 °C resulted in the induction of secondary dormancy. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally characterize the proteins associated with dormancy control of rose seeds. Proteins from primary dormant, after warm and cold stratification (nondormant), and secondary dormant seeds were analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Results showed that cold stratifications affected the variability of the highest number of spots, and there were more common spots with secondary dormancy than with warm stratification. The increase of mitochondrial proteins and actin during dormancy breaking suggests changes in cell functioning and seed preparation to germination. Secondary dormant seeds were characterized by low levels of legumin, metabolic enzymes, and actin, suggesting the consumption of storage materials, a decrease in metabolic activity, and cell elongation. Breaking the dormancy of rose seeds increased the abundance of cellular and metabolic proteins that promote germination. Induction of secondary dormancy caused a decrease in these proteins and germination arrest.

Highlights

Temperature has a major influence on seed dormancy and germination, as it is one factor coordinating plant development with climate variability [1]
Legumins accumulate gradually throughout maturation concomitantly with ABA [35]. They are present in dry seeds, essentially in cotyledons and hypocotyls, but disappear during their germination [36,37]. The decrease of this protein observed in the present study indicates the consumption of storage materials necessary for seed dormancy breaking and germination and for the initiation of secondary dormancy
Proteomic analysis showed that the cold temperature-induced dormancy breaking of rose seeds had an impact on the variability of the highest number of spots, and had more common spots with secondary dormancy with the warm stratification

Summary

Introduction

Temperature has a major influence on seed dormancy and germination, as it is one factor coordinating plant development with climate variability [1]. If seeds able to germinate lose this ability due to stressful environmental conditions (e.g., too high temperatures), secondary dormancy is established [2]. Such seeds revert to dormancy and overlap until the following spring or longer, which is a beneficial process from a biological standpoint (seed banks) but undesirable from an economic one, e.g., in a nursery. Secondary dormancy correlates with a rapid response to the suitability of local conditions for germination and plant establishment (spatial sensing) Under natural conditions, such environment-controlled dormancy is manifested as dormancy cycling between seasons and years [4]

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