Abstract
Temperature-programmed oxidation tests were carried out on catalysts which were aged in a bench-scale unit, using either a vacuum gas oil (VGO) feed or a Kuwait atmospheric feed. The VGO-aged catalysts displayed one CO 2 peak from oxidation of coke and two SO 2 peaks from oxidation of inorganic sulfur on the catalyst. The temperature at which the CO 2 peak appeared increased with the coke content. For the Kuwait-aged catalysts, a second, high-temperature carbon oxidation peak was observed when moderate amounts of vanadium were present. The carbon oxidation peaks were closely accompanied by SO 2 peaks. The coke in the latter catalysts essentially covered the inorganic sulfur phase as well as adsorbed nitrogen compounds. It was found that the aged catalysts could lose a considerable amount of sulfur during the extraction procedure if too high a temperature was used during post-drying.
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