Abstract
There is an undisputed need for temperature-field reconstruction during minimally invasive cryosurgery. The current line of research focuses on developing miniature, wireless, implantable, temperature sensors to enable temperature-field reconstruction in real time. This project combines two parallel efforts: (i) to develop the hardware necessary for implantable sensors, and (ii) to develop mathematical techniques for temperature-field reconstruction in real time—the subject matter of the current study. In particular, this study proposes an approach for temperature-field reconstruction combining data obtained from medical imaging, cryoprobe-embedded sensors, and miniature, wireless, implantable sensors, the development of which is currently underway. This study discusses possible strategies for laying out implantable sensors and approaches for data integration. In particular, prostate cryosurgery is presented as a developmental model and a two-dimensional proof-of-concept is discussed. It is demonstrated that the lethal temperature can be predicted to a significant degree of certainty with implantable sensors and the technique proposed in the current study, a capability that is yet unavailable.
Highlights
Cryosurgery is the destruction of undesired tissues by freezing
The current study is a part of an ongoing effort to develop means to improve cryosurgery planning and control
This solution was generated using ANSYS on a prostate contour obtained from ultrasound imaging [33], subject to the following parameters and conditions: (1) eight cryoprobes are used simultaneously; (2) the cryoprobes are cooled from 37°C to −145°C in 30 sec, simulative of Argon-based cryoprobes; (3) the cryoprobe layout is computer generated, using a planning algorithm known as “bubble packing” [26], with the match between the 0°C isotherm and the organ contour as a planning criterion; and, (4) the urethra is maintained at 37°C throughout the procedure, simulative of the commonly applied urethral warmer
Summary
Cryosurgery is the destruction of undesired tissues by freezing. It was introduced as an invasive procedure for the first time in 1961, with the development of the cryoprobe by Cooper and Lee [4]. Keywords Temperature Sensor; Implantable; Cryosurgery; Prostate; Temperature Field Reconstruction; Bioheat Transfer; Medical Imaging This project combines two parallel efforts: (i) to develop the hardware necessary for implantable sensors [11,23], and (ii) to develop a method for temperature-field reconstruction in real time, which is the subject matter of the current study.
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