Abstract
This study was conducted at the poultry farm -Animal Production Department/ College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the period from 2018/8/17 to 2018/9/28, in order to study the effect of adding inorganic and organic selenium to the broiler diets reared at high temperatures in the physiological performance. A 420 un-sexed chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used in the experiment as a one-day old and with weight rate of 36.4g. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally on 7 treatments, each one included 3 replicates at 20 chicks/replicate. The experiment included the following treatments : T1,T2, and T3 as organic selenium treatments which are selenomethionin with a concentration of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T4, T5, and T6 as inorganic selenium treatments in the form of Sodium Selenite compound at a concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T7 control treatment without any addition of selenium, while the chicks were bred at a high temperature rate of 22.5 - 43.9 ℃. Organic and inorganic Selenium have not shown a clear effect in reducing body temperature compared to the control treatment, as well as, a high significant decreasing in the blood Hematocrit and Hemoglobin concentration for inorganic Selenium treatments compared to the organic Selenium and control treatments. Finally, The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the cholesterol and glucose levels in blood of organic and inorganic Selenium and control treatments.
Highlights
Poultry rearing is directly affected by climatic conditions, especially temperature and humidity
Iraq's climate is characterized by high temperatures in most days of the year that affecting poultry performance, as the consumption of feed decreases and causes a reduction in the availability of some essential nutrients (9,15), which negative effects on the growth rate (2, 25), As well as, food conversion efficiency (7, 24), and the meat quality, eggs and fertility which caused major economic losses (30)
The modern breeds of broiler are characterized by fast growth and excellent food conversion efficiency that are sensitive to high temperatures, making them more susceptible to heat stress (16)
Summary
Poultry rearing is directly affected by climatic conditions, especially temperature and humidity. Many studies have indicated that the heat stress leads to oxidative stress as heat stress reduces the antioxidant role, which is one of the most important physiological changes in response to high temperatures and increases the oxidation state that affects the birds immune response (36, 37) Antioxidants such as Selenium were used to remove the effect of free radicals, where the using of antioxidants in feed provides a protection for the feed from oxidation during storage as well as, its role in interacting with free radicals formed. Several studies and research have been carried out in the establishment the optimal levels of Selenium component in the various poultry diets, but at the same time, it is recorded there is a considerable shortage and conflict in the study results on the role of the Selenium in reducing the adverse effects of heat stress, especially on the physical qualities and broiler production efficiency reared under a condition of heat stress. This study was aimed to using different sources and levels of Selenium added to the broiler diet, reared under high temperatures and its effect on some blood characteristics and body temperature that providing us the physiological condition of birds
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