Temperature And Humidity Control System of Duck Egg Incubator Based On Proportional Integral Derivative

Abstract

Duck egg hatching technology using machines can simplify the work of farmers by implementing a control system. The purpose of the study was to apply control of temperature and humidity to the incubator automatically based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). This research consists of a DHT22 sensor component to detect temperature and humidity, a dc motor to regulate egg turning, 2 15 watt incandescent lamps to heat the environment, a relay to regulate the on and off lights and motors, a dc pump to spray water, an LCD to display information, an Arduino Uno microcontroller as a control center. The system works in real-time by detecting the temperature and humidity according to the settings. PID control is applied to keep the ambient temperature stable by providing parameter values Kp=200, Ki=0.05, and Kd=10. The system will adjust if the temperature is <37.8°C then the incandescent lamp will turn on, and if the temperature is >39°C then the incandescent lamp will turn off. Meanwhile, to keep the surface heat of the eggshells evenly distributed, the rack will be shifted by a dc motor for one rotation or 360 degrees automatically every eight hours (48800s). Furthermore, if the humidity is < 55% then the pump will spray water for 1 second. Egg observation is done manually starting on the third day to determine fertile eggs. The results show that the DHT22 sensor can read temperature and humidity almost the same as a digital thermometer and digital hygrometer. The system can turn eggs with a 100% success rate, the pump sprays 100% water. From 25 eggs, the system can incubate until the 28th day as many as 23 fertile eggs (92%). Suggestions for the next researcher that determining fertile eggs can be done automatically by applying image processing technology.