Temper Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells

Abstract

Key Points As preverbal expressions of frustration, anger, or fear, temper tantrums and breath-holding spells are usually benign.Temper tantrums are almost inevitable during the second through fourth years after birth and can be considered a developmentally normal behavior.Breath-holding spells can be cyanotic (usually a response to anger or frustration) or pallid (more often from fear or minor injury).Anticipatory guidance, strategies for how to respond, and reassurance are keys to management.