Abstract
Archaeological researches in southeast coast of Sumatra find archaeological prove of Srivijaya era (7-13 AD). Settlement sites located along tidal swamp rivers near shoreline. Srivijaya communities lived on house on stilts from wood on the wetlands. The artifacts came from aboard, eg. Chinese ceramics, beads from India and glasses from Persian found with local artifacts. Also found boats of Southeast Asia tradition use sewn plank and lashed-lug technique. These artifacts represent maritime activities in southeast coast of Sumatra. Estimated southeast coast of Sumatra, which facing Strait of Bangka, is an archaeological settlement area of Srivijaya and also pre Srivijaya periods. This one have the harbour and the port. This paper tried to identify one of the archaeological settlement area which estimated as an entreport of Srivijaya period. This area located in Bay of Cengal, District of Ogan Komering Ilir, Province of South Sumatra. Remains of activity area concentrated in Lumpur River basin and empties into Java Sea. Identification an archaeological settlement area in Bay of Cengal based on archeological data analysis, textual and maps resources, environment and position of Bay of Cengal in global maritime networks of SrivijayaPenelitian arkeologi di pesisir tenggara Sumatra menemukan bukti-bukti arkeologis yang sezaman dengan berkembangnya Sriwijaya di Sumatra (7-13 M). Situs-situs hunian mengelompok di tepi aliran sungai rawa pasang surut. Situs-situs tersebut berada di hilir sungai yang lokasinya relatif dekat dengan garis pantai sekarang. Penduduk masa Sriwijaya tinggal pada rumah-rumah panggung bertiang kayu di lahan basah. Artefak-artefak yang ditemukan sebagian besar berasal dari luar negeri, seperti keramik Cina, manik-manik dari India dan kaca-kaca dari Persia dijumpai bersama dengan barang-barang lokal, seperti barang-barang dari tembikar. Ditemukan pula perahu-perahu kuna tipe Asia Tenggara berupa perahu kayu yang dibuat dengan teknik papan ikat (sewn plank) dengan menggunakan tali ijuk dan juga menggunakan pasak kayu. Bukti-bukti arkeologis tersebut menunjukan adanya aktivitas kemaritiman di pantai tenggara Sumatra. Diperkirakan pantai tenggara Sumatra yang berhadapan dengan Selat Bangka dan Laut Jawa merupakan kawasan okupasi masa Sriwijaya dan masa sebelumnya yang dilengkapi bandar pelabuhan. Tulisan ini berupaya mengidentifikasi salah satu kawasan situs di pantai tenggara Sumatra yang diperkirakan sebagai permukiman dan bandar pelabuhan masa Sriwijaya. Kawasan itu berada di Teluk Cengal yang terdapat di pantai timur Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Tinggalan arkeologis terkosentrasi di daerah aliran Sungai Lumpur yang bermuara di Laut Jawa. Upaya mengidentifikasi kawasan situs di Teluk Cengal dilakukan berdasarkan analisis data arkeologi, sumber tertulis dan peta, keadaan lingkungan dan posisi Teluk Cengal dalam jaringan pelayaran maritim global masa Sriwijaya
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