Tectonic reevaluation of West Cameroon domain: Insights from high-resolution gravity models and advanced edge detection methods

Abstract

The West Cameroon region, characterized by a diverse geomorphology of highlands and plains resulting from tectonic processes across different geological ages, has been extensively explored for natural resources. Recognizing the significance of its tectonic and magmatic features associated with seismic and volcanic activity, this study focuses on geodynamic investigations of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Despite previous efforts, detailed structural geophysical studies of the West Cameroon domain have proven inconclusive, prompting a comprehensive structural reinterpretation. Utilizing the high-resolution SGG-UGM-2 satellite gravity model and innovative processing techniques, including the horizontal gradient of a modified tilt (HGSTDR), the balanced horizontal gradient (BHG), the tilt of the horizontal gradient (TAHG), the improvised horizontal gradient tilt angle (impTAHG), and the Tilt Depth method, our research aims to enhance the interpretational quality of tectonic lineaments. By separating regional and residual anomalies in the Bouguer gravity map and applying a combination of filters to delineate geological units, the BHG filter emerges as a robust tool that highlights subsurface edges without generating false features. This approach unveils previously undetected NNW-SSE-oriented lineaments, confirming the presence of deep fractures and faults in Bafoussam, Nkongsamba, and along the Benue Trough, corroborated by newly discovered NNW-SSW trending lineaments. The study suggests that the region’s topography is overcompensated by deep mountain roots and compressive tectonism. Digitizing the BHG filter produces a structural map, revealing predominant NE trends in identified geological margins, including NNE-SSW, N-S, NW-SE, E-W, and NE-SW directions. Geological contacts between granite and high-grade gneiss are indicated by NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW trending lineaments along the Benue Trough. These results contribute significantly to the understanding of the tectonic setting of the West Cameroon Domain.