TECHNOLOGY FOR ISOLATION AND STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MELANIN FROM THE BASIDIOUS MUSHROOM BOVISTA PLUMBEA

Abstract

The results of the development of a technology for the isolation of melanins from the basidiomycete mushroom Bovista plumbea collected in the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. A technological scheme for obtaining melanins from basidiomycetes has been developed, which includes the following stages: drying, grinding of raw materials, purification, water extraction, filtration, concentration, acidification, centrifugation, dissolution, washing, drying. By water extraction, melanins were isolated, which are dark brown, alkali-soluble powder, with a molecular weight of 55686 Da, the content of which in the extract was 15.35%, respectively, which indicates the prospects of this type of raw material for obtaining drugs based on them. When studying the elemental composition of melanins obtained from the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes by the method of water extraction, it was found that they contain 9.706% nitrogen, 55.831% carbon and 7.203% hydrogen. UV and IR spectroscopy was used to confirm that the obtained samples belonged to the category of melanins. The IR spectra of melanin isolated from the fruiting body of the basidiomycete were studied. Melanins are characterized by absorption bands in the region of 1690-1590 cm-1, indicating the presence of conjugated aromatic bonds in their structure. There is also a wide absorption band in the region of 3430-3100 cm-1, which is due to the presence of polyphenolic and OH groups. UV spectral analysis for the content of melanin in fractions of basidiomycete raw materials showed the presence of absorption bands in the region of 320-380 nm, corresponding to the characteristic absorption bands of melanin.