Fe/Al bentonites were synthesized by modifying bentonite clay with iron and aluminum polyoxocomplexes at different iron and aluminum molar ratios. The chemical composition was determined, and the structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were studied using a set of methods (scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive microanalysis system, X-ray phase analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption). Modification of bentonite clay with Fe/Al complexes resulted in an increase in the iron and aluminum content, an increase in the interplanar distance and specific surface area, and a change in the morphology of bentonite clay particles. The iron and aluminum content in the obtained materials was 7.57-14.74% and 10.84-13.45%, respectively. The specific surface area of the materials was 108-137 m2/g. The Fe/Al bentonite particles were presented as loose microaggregates of various shapes and sizes with a greater number of pores compared to bentonite clay. The adsorption properties of the materials were tested in the adsorption of anthraquinone dye Acid Bright Blue, which is widely used in the textile industry and is found in industrial wastewater. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the modified materials for the dye exceeded the adsorption capacity of bentonite clay by 8-13 times, which is due to the increase in the number of adsorption centers (Fe/Al)-OH and the specific surface. The adsorption of the dye on the modified materials was 10.5-11.3 mg/g at pH 6.0 and increased to 21.8-28.3 mg/g at pH 4.0. The obtained materials can be used in the purification of textile industry wastewater from anthraquinone dyes. For citation: Badmaeva S.V., Khankhasaeva S.Ts., Ukhinova M.V. Synthesis, physical-chemical and adsorption properties of Fe/Al-bentonites. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 87-94. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7209.

The highly soluble oxidation state of uranium (U (VI)) in an aqueous solution is the most dangerous, as it easily migrates into the geological environment. Similar to the accumulation of heavy metals, uranium U(VI) can also accumulate through the food chain, causing harmful diseases, including damage to the kidneys, liver and lungs, muscles, and even cancer or death. In our previous research, we found that the submicron fiber/ball ground bone charcoal (CL/MB) film prepared by electrospinning technology can be well dispersed in electrospinning solvent. CL/MB membrane can adsorb U(VI) efficiently, and has good selectivity to the interference of coexisting ions in simulated water. In this study, the bone carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of animal bone residues at 350 ℃, 500 ℃ and 650 ℃ was prepared into alcohol-based bone carbon ink by adding surfactants and dispersed anti-settling agents. By roll-to-roll printing, alcohol-based bone carbon ink is printed onto polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate to form bone carbon film (BCF). In simulated seawater, bivalent cations especially Ba2+, have a greater effect on BCF with selective sorption of aquatic U(VI) reaches (81.4±1.6)%. CO32- and SO42- can interact with U(VI) in water, resulting in significant leads to their significant reduction leads to their significant reduction: decreased by (70.5±2.4)%; SO42- decreased by (62.4±4.8)%). This study paves the way for the feasible application of roll-to-roll industrial efficient production of of BCF with selective sorption of aquatic U(VI) (laboratory printing speed 5-8m/min, film width ≤600mm). For citation: Junjun Li, Lingtao Sun, Xiaolong Jing, Rong Jin, Cherkasova T.G., Lu Li Efficient preparation of bone carbon film with selective sorption of aquatic u(vi) by roll-to-roll printing method. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 124-129. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7185.

The search for new water-soluble low-toxic IR photosensitizers and their application in biomedicine is an actual task of the modern medicinal chemistry. In this work we compare the aggrega-tion of two sulfo-containing compounds of the carbocyanine and inverted porphyrinoid series in aqueous solutions using electron absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. Depending on the polarity, acid-base and donor-acceptor properties of the solvent both IR-dyes absorb the light in the long-wave region at 700-850 nm and are characterized by relatively high values of logarithms of the extinction coefficients of the absorption bands varying from 3.8-3.9 for the porphyrinoid to 4.4-5.0 in the case of the cyanine dye. It is concluded that sulfo-containing dyes, regardless of the structural features of the chromophore, are prone to the hydrophobic interactions in aqueous solutions and, depending on the solute concentration, form different sized J- and H-type aggregates in the case of compounds of macroheterocyclic and linear structure, respectively. Decline of the dyes concentration in the range of 10-3-10-6 mol/kg is accompanied by the reduction of the diameter and narrowing of nanoparticles distribution of aggregates by size. Thus, for the dye Indocyanine green new, the size of aggregates (nm) decreases in the following series (mPS, mol/kg): 615 (10-3) > 255 (10-4) > 105 (10-5) > 79 (10-6). The tendency of the carbocyanine dye to aggregate is much higher, as it is controlled by the hydrophobic contribution of the organic π-chromophore. Nanoaggregates of the studied compounds are unstable in an aqueous solutions of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80, while subnano particles of sulfo-containing dyes are preserved under these conditions even at high excess of solubilizer. For citation: Berezin D.B., Bondareva T.V., Shukhto O.V., Batov D.V., Morshnev Ph.K. Comparative study of the aggregation of sulfosubstituted IR-photosensitilizers based on the inverted porphyrinoid and dye in-docyanine green new in aqueous solutions. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 26-34. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7250.

This study investigated the effect of microwave irradiation power on the synthesis of fluorapatite (FAp) from waste eggshells using a chemical coprecipitation method. The precursor mixture was subjected to microwave treatment at power levels of 600 and 800 W. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis techniques were utilized to evaluate the characteristics of synthesized powders. The results showed that at 600 W a two-phase material is obtained, containing a main phase monetite and a secondary phase fluorapatite, while at 800 W the production of pure fluorapatite is observed. For citation: Kolchakova G.R., Kiryakova D.S. Influence of microwave Irradiation power on the production of fluorapatite from waste eggshells by chemical co-precipitation. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 81-86. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7231. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Piperazine derivatives are widely used as intermediates in the production of various surfactants and pharmaceuticals, and can also be used as amine absorbents activator components for the hydrocarbon gases purification from hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In the present work, piperazine alkoxylation kinetic regularities with unsymmetrical epoxides - 1,2-epoxypropane and 1,2-epoxybutane - in the presence of water as a catalyst in a concentration 1-50% by weight, in the temperature range from 60 to 130 °C and a molar ratio of reagents (epoxide/piperazine) from 0.4 to 0.8 are presented. It is shown that piperazine alkoxylation with the indicated unsymmetrical epoxides is described by the kinetics of series-parallel reactions, and the temperature regime does not have a significant effect on the ratio of mono- and disubstituted piperazines in the reaction mass. During alkoxylation, along with products of the “normal” structure (secondary alcohols), compounds obtained due to the “anomalous” the epoxide oxirane ring opening (primary alcohols) are also formed. The yield of “anomalous” structure products in terms of “normal” structure amino alcohols does not exceed 2% during alkoxylation of piperazine with 1,2-epoxypropane and 0.5% with 1,2-epoxybutane. N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-piperazines were isolated from the resulting reaction mass by laboratory rectification, and N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyalkyl)-piperazines were isolated by triple recrystallization from methanol. The composition and structure of the isolated individual compounds were characterized by such physicochemical methods as IR, 1H NMR and 13C spectroscopy. The results obtained in the study may be of interest in the development or optimization of the process for obtaining β-amino alcohols based on piperazine. For citation: Leont’yeva M.E., Demidova Y.V., Demidov P.A., Dronov S.V. Piperazine alkoxylation by 1,2-epoxypropane and 1,2-epoxybutane. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 103-108. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7214.

Rapid development of portable electronics and electric transport stimulates researchers to develop batteries with ever higher specific capacities and current densities, which can be secondary lithium-ion batteries with composite active anode materials based on graphite, silicon and pyrolytic carbon. The nuances of gas-phase pyrolytic deposition of silicon and carbon on spheroidized graphite were considered. It was shown that non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as methane, propane and ethylene lead to partially homophase pyrolytic decomposition, which is accompanied by the formation of undesirable isolated carbon structures that can reduce the electrochemical characteristics of the anodes. It was shown that the use of ethanol for pyrolytic decomposition is accompanied by gasification of the carbon matrix and low yields of pyrolysis. The best results were obtained by pyrolytic decomposition of toluene at 900°C, which occurs mainly by a heterophase mechanism, which allows obtaining uniform pyrolytic carbon films on spheroidized graphite. It was shown that pyrolysis of both carbon and silicon occurs initially on defects of spheroidized graphite, therefore, to obtain a uniform silicon layer on it, the defects must be saturated, for example, by preliminary deposition of pyrolytic carbon. It was established that pyrolysis of silicon in the concentration range from 5 to 15 wt.% by means of pyrolytic decomposition of monosilane leads to an increase in the thermal-oxidative stability of spheroidized graphite and allows obtaining a uniform silicon film on modified spheroidized graphite. Deposition of more than 30 wt.% silicon leads to the formation of structurally uneven "hedgehog-like" structures. Additional pyrolysis of carbon on a layer of pyrolytic silicon will significantly reduce its degradation during long (80 cycles) cycling at high (250 mA/g) current densities. For citation: Khaskov M.A., Karaeva A.R., Naumova V.A., Maksimkin A.A., Kulova T.L., Mordkovich V.Z. Layer-by-layer gas-phase pyrolytic deposition of silicon and carbon on spheroidized graphite. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 71-80. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.20y.

New extraction systems based on N-vinylformamide for the extraction of threonine for its subsequent determination in aqueous media are proposed. Such systems meet the requirements of "green" chemistry, are non-toxic, non-flammable, and are capable of providing almost complete extraction of threonine. The interphase distribution of threonine in systems with poly-N-vinylformamide, copolymers of N-vinylformamide with N-vinylimidazole, 1-vinyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole was studied. The article presents the calculated distribution coefficients and the degree of extraction of threonine in the concentration range of 1.0 - 3.0 mg/cm3. The influence of the extractant concentration, the nature of the salting out agent, the ratio of the volumes of the aqueous and organic phases, the time and temperature of extraction on the quantitative characteristics of the interphase distribution was studied. Optimum extraction conditions have been established, at which the degree of threonine extraction by N-vinylformamide copolymers reaches 97%: extractant is a copolymer of N-vinylformamide with 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole with a concentration of 0.25 mol/dm3, phase ratio is 10:3, threonine concentration is 2.5 - 3.0 mg/cm3. The advantages of extraction by N-vinylformamide copolymers were shown in comparison with other polymers. Determination of threonine in the aqueous phase after extraction is carried out by capillary electrophoresis at a wavelength of 254 nm. The results of electrophoretic determination of the amino acid are processed using the Elforan software for Windows. Schemes of interphase interaction in the poly-N-vinylformamide – threonine system due to the formation of hydrogen bonds are proposed, taking into account the features of the properties and structure of the extractant and analyte. The developed method of extraction-electrophoretic determination of threonine in aqueous media can be recommended for assessing the quality of food products and protein mixtures. For citation: Mokshina N.Ya., Pakhomova O.A., Ivanchura P.V. Study of threonine extraction by N-vinylformamide based copolymers. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 58-63. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7207.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers due to their ability for molecular recognition, high specificity, mechanical strength, ease of synthesis, low cost and ability for selective sorption of target molecules. However, the efficiency of MIP sorption largely depends on the synthesis conditions, so the study of the sorption properties of MIPs is necessary. In this work, MIPs with an imprint of the antibiotics cefuroxime sodium (Cefur) and cefotaxime sodium (Cefot) were synthesized. These MIPs made it possible to create specific recognition sites in the polymer matrix. It was found that the sorption equilibrium is achieved after 55 min for Cefur and 45 min for Cefot, which is explained by the differences in their molecular structure. The sorption isotherms of Cefur and Cefot belong to the L type, which indicates the mechanism of monomolecular sorption in small pores of the polymer. Strong interaction between the polymer and the antibiotic promotes rapid filling of the pores even at low concentrations, as a result of which the initial sorption capacity increases linearly. With a further increase in concentration, the curve reaches a plateau corresponding to the maximum sorption capacity. Due to the presence of specific recognition sites, MIPs demonstrated higher sorption capacity compared to non-imprinted polymer (NP). The maximum sorption capacity was 12.15 mg/g for MIP-Cefur and 5.17 mg/g for MIP-Cefot. MIP-Cefur has higher sorption capacity compared to MIP-Cefot, which is expressed in a higher degree of extraction (49.5% versus 29.8%) and a higher imprinting factor (3.1 versus 2.5). In addition, both MIP-Cefur and MIP-Cefot demonstrated high specificity to the target antibiotics. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of molecularly imprinted polymers in the sorption and selective determination of antibiotics, which makes them promising for practical application. For citation: Pham Thi Gam, Cao Nhat Linh, Zyablov A.N. Evaluation of sorption of cefuroxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium by molecular-imprinted polymers. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 64-70. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7269.

Quantum chemical calculations of glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide dimers, as well as glycerol–dimethylsulfoxide complexes of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 3:1, 1:3 compositions, with and without solvation were carried out using the integral equation formalism model IEFPCM by means of the density functional theory DFT method with the hybrid three-parameter Becke, Lee–Yang–Parr functional B3LYP taking into account the Grimme dispersion correction D3 and the Pople basis set 6-311++G(d,p), which includes both polarization and diffusion functions, using the Gaussian 16 software package. The interaction energies were calculated taking into account the basis sets superposition correction. The contributions of dispersion interactions to the interaction energy were calculate as the difference between the interaction energies with and without the dispersion correction. Geometrical and topological parameters of H-bonds were calculated using the methods of natural bond orbital analysis – Weinhold’s NBO and Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in a molecule QTAIM. It was shown that in the studied system various bonds can be formed, both classical hydrogen О–H···O bonds and C–H···O, O···O, O···S and C–H···S interactions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds O–H···O between glycerol molecules are stronger than intramolecular H-bonds O–H···O. Contributions of dispersion interactions in glycerol–dimethyl sulfoxide complexes are 30–40%, in the case of glycerol dimers – 30%. In dimethyl sulfoxide dimers, this contribution is maximum: from 40% to 60%. Dimethyl sulfoxide molecules are embedded in the network of hydrogen bonds of glycerol. Taking solvation into account leads to strengthening of intermolecular bonds O–H···O and weakening of other intermolecular interactions. In some cases, a rupture of weak intermolecular bonds C–H···O and intramolecular bonds O–H···O is observed. For citation: Kruglyakova A.A., Krestyaninov M.A., Nikitin M.E., Egorov G.I. Hydrogen bonding in glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide complexes. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 46-57. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.7180.

High pure synthetic waxes are valuable both for the separation of narrower fuel fractions by hydrorefining and for various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, as well as the production of thermoplastic adhesives and various polymer compositions. The work studied the possibility of obtaining high molecular weight hydrocarbons via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a fixed bed reactor in the presence of cobalt catalyst. The studied catalysts were synthesized on the basis of new granulated aluminum oxide, which is characterized by the presence of meso- and macropores, which is favorable for mass transfer under the synthesis conditions. The influence of the presence of spinel on the main catalytic parameters and the composition of the resulting products was also investigated, and the influence of preliminary heat treatment of the initial aluminum oxide was studied. The obtained in the presence of most promising catalysts waxes are characterized by a high degree of crystallinity, which is confirmed by diffraction data, consist predominantly of linear alkanes (the content of which is 75–80%) and contain 32–34 wt.% of C35+ hydrocarbons. Electron microscopy data of the catalyst granules clearly demonstrate that the external and internal surfaces of the catalyst are filled with solid paraffins–synthesis products–during catalytic testing, but this does not lead to its deactivation. Synthesis was performed under quite mild conditions – 170 °C, 3 MPa, which distinguishes the studied catalysts from those used in industry. The introduction of spinel into the catalyst composition did not affect its main catalytic properties. Preliminary calcination of the initial granulated aluminum oxide at 750 °C leads to a positive effect on the activity of the catalyst in the synthesis of solid paraffins. For citation: Asalieva E.Yu., Sineva L.V., Gryaznov K.O., Aksenenkov V.V., Mordkovich V.Z. Possibility of producing solid paraffins by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis in a fixed-bed reactor. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 10. P. 95-102. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256810.22y.