Abstract

AbstractPhytochemicals are bioactive non-nutrient plant compounds that are important for the plants and also provide a range of pharmacological activities. Phytochemicals enable plants to overcome temporary or continuous threats to their environment. They also provide health benefits to humans. Various phytochemical molecules that are present in plants include phenolic acids, lignins, tannins, stilbenes, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, amines, betalains, quinones, terpenoids, vitamins and other metabolites. These phytochemicals are derived from various parts of plants such as leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, barks and roots. More than 5000 phytochemicals have been identified, but a large percentage of phytochemicals still needs to be identified. For phytochemical analysis, various fundamental and advanced techniques are used. But the complexity and non-uniformity of the metabolites inside the plants act as a major challenge for the analysis. The conventional methods for the analysis failed to provide accurate and precise results for the analysis. But advancements in analytical platforms increased the accuracy of the phytochemical analysis. The present book chapter discusses the various advanced techniques such as HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography), HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography), GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and OPLC (optimum performance laminar chromatography) that are used in the detection and characterization of phytochemicals efficiently from the plant samples that can be applied to understand the therapeutic potential, the nutritional significance and the potential for the production of value-added products and drug discovery.KeywordsPhytochemical analysisTargeted metabolomicsMetabolomicsNMRGCMSHPLCMetabolite profiling

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