Abstract
Restrictions on emissions are being imposed by regional and international shipping organisations, which raise the question of which marine fuel and technology can most effectively replace heavy fuel oil and diesel engines. The aim of this study is to find appropriate advanced combined gas and steam turbine cycles for marine propulsion systems in a large container ship with respect to the evolving maritime environmental regulations. The selection criteria are the thermodynamic performance, emissions, size, and weight of advanced combined gas and steam turbine cycles in a large container ship. Two baselines are used: a diesel engine using marine diesel oil and a combined gas and steam turbine system using liquefied natural gas and marine diesel oil. Then, liquefied natural gas cycles are examined based on fuel replacement and enhanced to assess the benefits of liquefied natural gas over marine diesel oil. The results show that the enhanced liquefied natural gas combined gas and steam turbine cycles are the most efficient, at up to 1.6% higher than the other cycles. Regarding the size and weight, the combined gas and steam turbine propulsion system is approximately 24.7% lighter than the original diesel engine propulsion system.
Highlights
Diesel engines have dominated merchant ship propulsion for several decades
Single-shaft gas turbines are acceptable if coupled to a constant-speed propeller with controllable pitch
Since this study aimed to find the optimal location for the efficiency at the D.P., we selected the reheat location between the high-pressure turbine (HPT) and low-pressure turbine (LPT) with a reheater with overall efficiency at the D.P., we selected the reheat location between the different overall pressure ratio (OPR) to obtain the optimal efficiency for the exhaust temperature that increases
Summary
Diesel engines have dominated merchant ship propulsion for several decades. Approximately 96% of vessels that weigh over 100 gross tonnes and are used in civilian applications are powered by diesel engines [1]. Two-stroke diesel engines power large oil tankers, container ships, and ore carriers. Since the 1970s, land-based power plants have used combined-cycle gas and steam turbine systems. The use of such systems has been considered for ship propulsion systems. The authors believe that the fuel costs of this type of propulsion system is the main cause of its rarity. This is changing owing to environmental issues. The efficiency of CCGT can reach up to 60%, which is higher than that of 2-stroke diesel engines [3]. The CCGT efficiency can be improved by enhancing the gas turbine cycles (top cycle) or the steam turbine cycles (bottom cycle)
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