Abstract
Techno-economic impact of retrofitting houses in the Canadian housing stock with PV and BIPV/T systems is evaluated using the Canadian Hybrid End-use Energy and Emission Model. Houses with south, south-east and south-west facing roofs are considered eligible for the retrofit since solar irradiation is maximum on south facing surfaces in the northern hemisphere. The PV system is used to produce electricity and supply the electrical demand of the house, with the excess electricity sold to the grid in a net-metering arrangement. The BIPV/T system produces electricity as well as thermal energy to supply the electrical as well as the thermal demands for space and domestic hot water heating. The PV system consists of PV panels installed on the available roof surface while the BIPV/T system adds a heat pump, thermal storage tank, auxiliary heater, domestic hot water heating equipment and hydronic heat delivery system, and replaces the existing heating system in eligible houses. The study predicts the energy savings, GHG emission reductions and tolerable capital costs for regions across Canada. Results indicate that the PV system retrofit yields 3% energy savings and 5% GHG emission reduction, while the BIPV/T system yields 18% energy savings and 17% GHG emission reduction in the Canadian housing stock. While the annual electricity use slightly increases, the fossil fuel use of the eligible houses substantially decreases due to BIPV/T system retrofit.
Highlights
122 Solar energy is a significant source of renewable energy for residential buildings
This study investigates a large scale adaption of PV and BIPV/T systems in the Canadian housing 204 stock (CHS) as part of ongoing efforts to identify feasible strategies and incentive measures to approach net zero energy (NZE) status for existing Canadian houses
540 The performance of PV and BIPV/T system retrofits in the Canadian housing stock (CHS) was investigated considering energy savings, GHG emission reductions and economic feasibility
Summary
122 Solar energy is a significant source of renewable energy for residential buildings. PV generated electricity may be used by appliances and lighting, or in hybrid systems for space heating/cooling and DHW heating. The electricity generation efficiency of PV systems is affected by PV panel temperature. As the panel temperature increases the electricity generation efficiency decreases due to increasing resistance. To overcome this reduction, PV thermal (PV/T) systems were introduced in 1970’s [1]. By integrating a PV/T system into the building façade ( referred to as a BIPV/T system) the captured heat can be used as a source of thermal energy. If the heat pump supplies thermal energy for both space and DHW heating, this approach is beneficial during the whole year. The feasibility of BIPV/T system performance is highly influenced by climatic and geographical conditions as well as building characteristics
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