Abstract
The integration of renewable energy (RE) in energy systems can be approached in many ways depending on local possibilities. Evaluating this in the limited context of islands, this paper presents a multi-energy system transition to a 100% RE share in a two-folded technical analysis. The case study of Madeira Island using the EnergyPLAN modeling tool is used to show strengths and weaknesses of, on the one hand, electrifying all transport and heating demands on an island, while remaining demands are supplied with biomass, and, on the other hand, additional smart charging, vehicle-to-grid, thermal collectors and storages, as well as electrofuel production and storages. Technical results indicate the potentials and advantages of the second approach with 50% less biomass and no curtailment at 1–3% higher costs, compared to the first one with 7% of production curtailed. The technical analysis is supported by the institutional analysis that highlights the balancing needs through additional flexibility and interaction in the energy system. For maximum flexibility, of both demand and grid, and successful implementation of 100% RE, investment incentives and dynamic tariffs are recommended entailing more dynamic consumer involvement and strategic energy planning.
Highlights
Energy systems, both large and small, are transitioning towards higher shares of renewable energy (RE), such as from wind or photovoltaic (PV), in response to replacing fossil-fuel technologies in the fight against climate change [1]
Introduction of the scenario development for the case study of Island, which is to test these introduction of the scenario development for the case study of Madeira Island, which is to test these approaches under its its unique unique boundaries, boundaries, for for the the reader reader to to draw draw the the consequences consequences for for other other cases
As this paper focuses on the opportunities of electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps, Section 3 shows how the consumer is required to help in this part of the transition
Summary
Both large and small, are transitioning towards higher shares of renewable energy (RE), such as from wind or photovoltaic (PV), in response to replacing fossil-fuel technologies in the fight against climate change [1]. While [6,9,10,11] discuss the vulnerability and potential of RE on islands, their focus lies in the electricity sector, which is, already expanding across other sectors and is required to be acknowledged differently This cross-sector energy system planning—which is known under the smart energy system (SES) label [13,14]—addresses the intermittency of RE through the integration of electricity, heating and/or transport sectors to provide the best integration flexibility and maximize the impact of smart balancing technologies. 2020 project SMILE (smart island energy systems) [29], where technical and socioeconomic aspects have been introduced [2,30], but investigations into the institutional setup are still lacking behind Smart technologies, such as smart charging and vehicle to grid (V2G), flexible electrofuel production or smart heating controls and storages, bring new aspects to the energy system and should be evaluated in the context of RE integration.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
