Technical and nidus-specific factors associated with adequacy of intraprocedural biopsy samples preceding radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma

Abstract

PurposeTo examine the diagnostic yield of intraprocedural percutaneous biopsy performed at the time of radiofrequency ablation of suspected Osteoid Osteoma (OO) and identify technical and nidus-specific factors associated with diagnostic adequacy. Materials and methodsFollowing IRB approval, a total of 42 patients (male: 28, female: 14; mean age: 29 years) who underwent intraprocedural biopsy immediately prior to RFA between June 2010 and June 2017 were retrospectively identified. The nidi were located in various locations. The nidi had a mean size of 6.3 mm (range: 3–11 mm, Standard deviation (SD): 2.26). Core biopsies were performed by one of 15 operators. Biopsies were performed with two needle types ranging from 11-G to 15-G with a mean number of samples of 1.8 (range: 1–5, SD: 1.01). Electronic records and imaging were reviewed for demographics, nidus characteristics, biopsy details and diagnostic yield. Multivariate logistic regression of nidus-specific and biopsy-specific factors was performed. ResultsA total of 22/42 (52.3%) of the biopsies were adequate for histological diagnosis of OO. For the two experienced operators, the diagnostic yield was 67% (6/9) and 80% (8/10). Biopsy adequacy was significantly correlated with presence of an osteoid matrix (p = 0.03), obtaining >1 core sample (p = 0.03), the needle track passing through the nidus (p = 0.0003) and thinner (2.5 mm) intraprocedural CT slices (p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, use of thinner intraprocedural CT slices was found to be associated with adequate biopsy (p = 0.02). ConclusionIntraprocedural percutaneous biopsy samples of nidi highly-suspected to be OO at the time of RFA were diagnostic in 52% of patients. Multivariate analysis shows thinner intraprocedural CT slices to be a significantly associated with biopsy adequacy.