Abstract
Current cataloging of natural history collections usually includes illustrative documents or images that represent the objects or specimens. It is widely considered that an image can easily resolve a specific search or detail of any collection. But it can also resolve more specific subjects and be used in more precise analyses that allow the specialists obtain dates without physically go to the institution that hosts these collections. This information can provide data to resolve questions of importance in the research of the collections, such as those concerning the taxonomy of the specimen, coloration patterns, dimensions, pigments used, original inscriptions on the supports, damage to the specimen itself, general deterioration of the piece and its details, current or historical attacks by pests, greasing processes or changes in color, dust, chemical suppuration, etc. A picture can reveal much more information about the specimen than is initially thought. For this requirement, it is necessary that the photographic shot has been generated following an adequate methodology that guarantees its exactitude with the data of the original specimen. Currently, the digital photography industry offers a wide range of products and tools that provide high-resolution photos at economic price. This basic equipment can be purchased by any institution involved in the management of natural history collections. But it is necessary to know what equipment is required, how to handle it, what additional tools are important to use and how to manage and process our final pictures. All this type of information will be the subject of analysis and examination in this paper. In this paper we explain the necessary requirements and characteristics that should have our photographic equipment. The main camera specifications, the type of sensor, the most convenient focal lengths of the lenses to be used and the minimal accessories to guarantee the best results when photographing scientific collections La catalogación de las colecciones de historia natural debe incluir imágenes que representan el objeto o ejemplar en cuestión. Se considera que una imagen puede solucionar fácilmente una búsqueda determinada, una consulta necesaria o un detalle preciso a la hora de gestionar o consultar los fondos de toda colección. Pero también puede resolver cuestiones más específicas y emplearse en análisis más precisos que permitan su consulta por los especialistas adecuados sin necesidad de desplazarse físicamente al centro o institución que alberga estas colecciones. Para este cometido es necesario que la toma fotográfica se haya generado siguiendo una metodología adecuada que garantice su exactitud con los datos del ejemplar original. Es necesario saber qué equipos cumplen con nuestras necesidades, cómo manejarlos, qué herramientas adicionales es importante emplear y de qué manera gestionar y procesar nuestras fotografías. En este trabajo exponemos los requisitos y características necesarias que debería reunir un buen equipo de fotografía, desde las especificaciones de la cámara, el tipo de sensor, las focales más convenientes de las lentes a emplear y los accesorios imprescindibles para garantizar la obtención de los mejores resultados a la hora de fotografiar las colecciones científicas.
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