TBHQ Induces a Hormetic Response That Protects L6 Myoblasts against the Toxic Effect of Palmitate.

Pedro Posadas-Rodríguez,Luis Enrique Gómez-Quiroz,Armando Luna-López,Alejandro Zentella,Natalia Esmeralda Posadas-Rodríguez,José Luis Ventura-Gallegos,Rafael Toledo-Pérez,Mina Königsberg,Viridiana Yazmín González-Puertos

doi:10.1155/2020/3123268

Abstract

Nutritional status, in particular overweight and obesity, as well as sedentarism and high-fat diet consumption, are important risk factors to develop chronic diseases, which have a higher impact on the elderly's health. Therefore, these nutritional problems have become a concern to human healthspan and longevity. The fatty acids obtained thru the diet or due to fatty acid synthesis during obesity accumulate within the body generating toxicity and cell death. Fat is not only stored in adipose tissue, but it can also be stored in skeletal muscle. Palmitic acid (PA) has been reported as one of the most important saturated free fatty acids; it is associated to chronic oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial ROS production causing cell death by apoptosis. In skeletal muscle, palmitate has been associated with various pathophysiological consequences, which lead to muscle deterioration during aging and obesity. Since molecules that modify redox state have been proven to prevent cellular damage by inducing a hormetic response, the aim of this study was to evaluate if tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) could activate an antioxidant hormetic response that would be able to protect L6 myoblasts from palmitate toxic effect. Our results provide evidence that tBHQ is able to protect L6 myoblasts against the toxicity induced by sodium palmitate due to a synergistic activation of different signaling pathways such as Nrf2 and NF-κB.

Highlights

Modern lifestyle and the increased consumption of high-fat diets have become a topic of concern when it comes to healthspan
To verify the culture conditions, the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) Myf-5 and myogenin were determined as specific differentiation markers, because Myf-5 is involved in the early stages of differentiation, while myogenin regulates the later stages of myogenic differentiation [43]
Since we found a differential induction in the proteins associated to antioxidant response regulated by nuclear factor (erythroidderived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) associated to the tBHQ treatment, we decided to evaluate Nrf2 participation in the hormetic process

Summary

Introduction

Modern lifestyle and the increased consumption of high-fat diets have become a topic of concern when it comes to healthspan. It has been shown that obese people live an important part of their life in suboptimal health conditions and their life expectancy is reduced [6, 7]. The obesity pandemic has emerged as an important challenge to human healthspan and longevity [5, 8]. Fat is stored in adipose tissue, but it could be stored in skeletal muscle tissue [9]. Some reports have shown that fatty acids have an important role in oxidative damage and skeletal muscle deterioration [10, 11].

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Conclusion