Abstract
Lung cancer is a serious health problem and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, due to its high incidence and mortality. 85% of lung cancers are represented by the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Traditional chemotherapy has been the main treatment option in NSCLC. However, it is often associated with limited efficacy and overall poor patient survival. In recent years, molecular targeting has achieved great progress in therapeutic treatment of cancer and plays a crucial role in the current clinical treatment of NSCLC, due to enhanced efficacy on cancer tissues and reduced toxicity for normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the current targeting treatment of NSCLC, including inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Ks), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), vascular epidermal growth factor receptor (VEGFR), kirsten human rat sarcoma protein (KRAS), mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF). This article may serve as a guide to clinicians and researchers alike by assisting in making therapeutic decisions. Challenges of acquired drug resistance targeted therapy and imminent newer treatment modalities against NSCLC are also discussed.
Highlights
Latest reports showed that lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignancy among males in the world [1]
We summarize the current targeting treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Ks), mechanistic target of rapamycin, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), vascular epidermal growth factor receptor (VEGFR), kirsten human rat sarcoma protein (KRAS), mesenchymalepithelial transition factor or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)
progression free survival (PFS) (Progression-free Survival): the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse overall survival (OS) (Overall Survival): the time from randomization to the date of death or the date of termination of the trial, or the date of the last follow-up information available objective response rate (ORR) (Objective Response Rate): the number of complete plus partial response divided by the total of patients enrolled in each comparison arm
Summary
Latest reports showed that lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignancy among males in the world [1]. Multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, 1125 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin alone and cisplatin plus cetuximab (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor).
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