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Abstract
Treatment of malignancies on the chest wall, like chest wall recurrence of tumor, advanced cutaneous neoplasm and lymphoma, is still a challenge due to the involvement of the critical structures of heart and lung by the conventional strategy. The aim of the current study was to investigate targeted photo-chemo therapy mediated by Fe3O4@ZnO nanocomposites for malignancy on the chest wall while cardiopulmonary avoidance. Fe3O4@ZnO/Dox nanocomposites, the synthesis of the core-shell Fe3O4@ZnO nanocomposites followed by loading doxorubicin (Dox), were prepared to act as multifunctional drug delivery system (DDS). The synergistic anticancer effects on tumor on the chest wall and protection performance of heart and lung were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using cell viability assay, apoptosis detection, histopathologic examination, and serum biochemistry tests. Our observations demonstrated that Fe3O4@ZnO/Dox nanocomposites, could play the role of magnetic drug targeting to deliver Dox into tumor tissues and cells to enhance its chemotherapeutic efficiency. Besides, with ultraviolet (UV) illumination, Fe3O4@ZnO showed the excellent property of photosensitizer, further attacking the cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, apoptosis was synergistically induced by the photo-chemo therapy, resulting in a distinct improvement in anticancer activity. Since UV has a limited penetration distance in tissue, causing PDT to fail in the critical structures of heart and lung, cardiopulmonary hurt could be avoided during the treatment. Therefore, targeted photo-chemo therapy mediated by Fe3O4@ZnO nanocomposites may have promise as a potent treatment option for superficial malignancies on the chest wall while cardiopulmonary avoidance.
Highlights
Due to the critical structures of heart and lung, treatment of malignancies on the chest wall, like chest wall recurrence of tumor, advanced cutaneous neoplasm and lymphoma, is still a challenge [1]
Biocompatible and multifunctional Fe3O4@ZnO nanocomposites could provide an innovative platform for cancer theranostics combined favorable magnetic targeting ability and photodynamic therapy [32,33,34]
From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Figure 1A), we can see that the synthesized Fe3O4@ZnO nanocomposites display the core/shell structure, consisting of the black Fe3O4 core and the light colored ZnO shell
Summary
Due to the critical structures of heart and lung, treatment of malignancies on the chest wall, like chest wall recurrence of tumor, advanced cutaneous neoplasm and lymphoma, is still a challenge [1]. Conventional treatments consist of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the above. Wide local excision can be adequate for small superficial lesions. When the recurrence of tumor on the chest wall occurs, advanced cutaneous neoplasm and lymphoma, patients are not amenable to wide local excision with negative margins due to the bulk and extent of the tumor [2]. Radiotherapy to the chest wall could carry the risks of radiation-related toxicity such as pneumonitis, lung fibrosis, and coronary heart disease because considerable volumes of heart and lung are likely to receive high doses [2]. Efforts should be made to develop new strategies of target coverage and cardiopulmonary sparing for malignancies on the chest wall
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