Targeted Pharmaceutical Analysis of Antibiotic Use by Risk Criteria in Patients Hospitalized in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department at Treichville Teaching Hospital (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)

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Introduction: Most pharmacotherapeutic problems in hospitals are caused by anti-infectives. Audit of prescriptions by a clinical pharmacist is a control and prevention element for iatrogenic risks. Objective: The main aim of our study was to assess the use of antibiotics according to risk criteria in patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases Unit of the Treichville Teaching Hospital (Abidjan, Ivory Coast). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from August to December 2022 in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases department of the Treichville University Hospital aimed to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients with risk criteria. The tools for detecting pharmacotherapeutic problems allowed us to evaluate the frequency and nature of pharmaceutical interventions, highlighting the role of the pharmacist in patient management. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software (IBM, USA). Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the study, with a majority of singles (54.5%) and a predominance of subjects under 45 years of age (87.6%) and HIV-positive (93.2%). Antibiotics were the most frequent treatment (75.1%), followed by beta-lactams (36.7%). The main drug interactions were precautions for use (53.6%) and contraindicated associations (45.6%), especially the combination of Ofloxacin with bivalent cations or didanosine. The main pharmaceutical interventions proposed were monitoring of biological parameters in at-risk patients (68.8%) and drug substitution (14.8%). All proposed pharmaceutical interventions were accepted by prescribers. Risk criteria associated with the use of antibiotics were significantly associated with the nature of proposed pharmaceutical interventions. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of antibiotics in patients with risk criteria is common in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases department of the Treichville University Hospital. The results emphasize the importance of prescription audit by a clinical pharmacist in detecting pharmacotherapeutic problems and preventing iatrogenic risks. The proposed pharmaceutical interventions were accepted by prescribers and were tailored to the risk criteria associated with the use of antibiotics.