Abstract
BackgroundImmunotoxins are typical therapeutic drugs that can target cancer cells. They exploit the affinity of specific monoclonal antibodies or ligands to cancer cells to deliver a conjugated protein toxin to target sites, thus, attacking the cancer cells.MethodsThe immuno-RNase, Onc-V3, showed the stability of Onc-V3 in the blood stream. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis occurred in the HO-8910PM cells when treated with Onc-V3. Under the confocal microscope, the green fluorescent, FITC-Onc-V3, were located in the cytoplasm, suggesting that Onc-V3 had a function in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Moreover, after staining by DAPI, the blue fluorescent nuclei showed shrinkage and grainy. Wound healing assay showed that high concentrations of Onc-V3 inhibited cell migration and the transwell invasion assay showed that Onc-V3 could inhibit cell invasion to the basement membrane. Western blot results showed significantly decreased PARP, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3 in Onc-V3-induced apoptosis.ResultsThese results of the experiments in vitro had shown that the Onc-V3 could be delivered to the cancer cells accurately and it had strong cytotoxicity on high metastatic cancer cells.ConclusionThe specific toxicity of Onc-V3 on highly metastatic cancer cells can make it a promising anti-cancer drug by using V3 to target delivery of Onconase.
Highlights
Immunotoxins are typical therapeutic drugs that can target cancer cells
Onconase is an immunotoxin with a molecular weight of 12 kDa and consisting 104 amino acids [8, 9]
It was purified from the embryos of the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), and belongs to the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily [8]
Summary
Immunotoxins are typical therapeutic drugs that can target cancer cells. They exploit the affinity of specific monoclonal antibodies or ligands to cancer cells to deliver a conjugated protein toxin to target sites, attacking the cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs and radiotherapy have significantly increased the survival rates of tumor-bearing patients and have prolonged their lifetime [1,2,3] These traditional cancer therapies are based on the rule that cancer cells grow faster than the normal cells causing the death of epithelial and hematopoietic stem cells. Onconase is an immunotoxin with a molecular weight of 12 kDa and consisting 104 amino acids [8, 9]. It was purified from the embryos of the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), and belongs to the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily [8].
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