Abstract
During the conversion of raw hides or skins into leather involves generation of enormous amount of solid waste which has been major concern for environment and cause detrimental effect on it. In leather industry solid wastes can be generated almost from all operations including pre-tanning, tanning, and even post tanning operation. Solid wastes are mainly raw trimmings, fleshing, chrome shaving, buffing dust, keratin, finished scraps etc. The economic development of a country depends on the utilization of indigenous raw materials and their by-products. This paper focuses on utilization of raw trimmings into useful product like non edible gelatin those demand is going up day by day due to its versatile application in various fields. Raw trimmings are mainly originated during sorting of leather before actual tanning process happens and best for non- edible gelatin production as it does not contain any harmful chemicals. This study will also describe the chemical properties of gelatin, gelatin manufacturing process, manufacturing parameters from the leather wastes like raw trimmings. Optimum extraction of non-edible gelatin from raw trimmings found at 75-85ₒC for 12 hours in slightly basic condition. This study found that huge amount of raw trimmings which generally thrown directly to environment can serve as potential raw materials for the manufacture of non-edible as well as edible gelatin.
Highlights
Due to enhanced economic activities and rapid industrialization, tannery solid waste generation has increased dramatically in the last few decades
1) Composition of gelatin: Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones and connective tissues of Animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, pig and fish, during hydrolysis, the natural molecular bonds between individual collagen strands are broken down into a form that rearrange more [11]
Since collagen from any of animal usually found in admixture with other proteins and inorganic salts, some of those impurities are transferred to the gelatin
Summary
Out of 1000 kg of raw hide, nearly 850 kg is generated as solid wastes in leather processing. Trimmings of all types described above are suitable for gelatin production It is possible produce good quality technical grade gelatins from this raw material. Presence of horns in the head skin pieces is undesirable as much as dew claws and hair are scrotal sacs being bag like may be poorly limbed or packed full of lime. 1) Composition of gelatin: Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones and connective tissues of Animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, pig and fish, during hydrolysis, the natural molecular bonds between individual collagen strands are broken down into a form that rearrange more [11]. Type B: Produced by alkaline hydrolysis of bones, skins and tissues of animals This type of gelatin exhibits an isoelectric point at pH 4.47 [16]. In the industry the foaming property is used in ore floatation to separate fines from coarse particles
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