Abstract
Drivers’ take-over intention is important for the design of the automated driving systems and affects the safety of automated driving. This study explored the influence factors on drivers’ take-over intention during conditionally automated driving, examined the correlations among factors through path analysis, and established a take-over intention model. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Hefei, China, and a sample of 277 drivers was obtained. Our study shows that the average take-over intention of those aged under 20 is lower than that of the older age groups. In the positive emotions (PE) scenarios, the take-over intention of aged 31–40 is significantly higher than that of the other age groups. Education and occupation have a significant influence on the take-over intention. The perceived ease of use (PEofU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of automated driving are significantly negatively correlated with drivers’ take-over intention in the road conditions (RC) and climate conditions (CC) scenarios. In addition, through path model analysis, our study shows that trust in the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) plays an important role in drivers’ take-over intention. Technology acceptance, risk perception and self-efficacy has indirectly correlated with take-over intention through trust in the safety of AVs. In general, drivers with lower technology acceptance, lower self-efficacy and higher risk perception are less likely to trust automated driving technology and have shown stronger intention to take-over the control of the vehicles.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilAutomated driving technology is a technological innovation and a breakthrough solution to some key problems in the traffic environment
This study explored the correlations between the driver’s take-over intention and technology acceptance, self-efficacy, risk perception, drivers’ trust in autonomous vehicles (AVs)
The results show that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEofU) are correlated with drivers’ take-over intention in a significantly negative way
Summary
Automated driving technology is a technological innovation and a breakthrough solution to some key problems in the traffic environment. The Society of Automotive Engineers divides automated driving technology into six levels: no automated driving (level 0), driver assistance (level 1), partial automated driving (level 2), conditional automated driving (level 3), high automated driving (level 4). Full automated driving (level 5) [4]. At present, driving assistance systems such as adaptive cruise control and parking assistance are widely available. Some automobile manufacturers (such as CHANA) claim that high-tech AVs will soon enter the market, and the public awareness of the fast development of AV technology is on the rise.
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