Abstract
Corruption, bribery, and white-collar crime are inherently relational phenomena as actors involved in them exchange information, resources, and favours. These exchanges give rise to a network in which the actors are embedded. While this has been often emphasized in the literature, there is a lack of studies actually empirically examining the structural properties of corruption networks. We aim to fill this gap with this exploratory study analysing the networks of corporate and public sector bribery. We theoretically ground the network analysis in two compatible criminological frameworks: routine activity theory and analytical criminology. We extract information about relations and interactions among involved actors in three cases from Statements of Facts from Deferred Prosecution Agreements obtained from United Kingdom’s Serious Fraud Office. Our findings indicate that the bribery networks resemble core-periphery structure networks with ties predominantly concentrated between a few very central actors (core), who ad hoc engage with actors from the periphery. Moreover, we also see a strong tendency of actors to repeat interactions within certain dyads. In terms of temporal dynamics, we observe periods of relative inaction alternating with periods of frequent and repeated contacts triggered by the presence of contracts susceptible to corruption. We discuss these findings in terms of their policy implications for designing evidence-based intervention and prevention measures.
Highlights
Orthodox conceptions of ‘corruption’, as advocated within various institutions and organizations (e.g., UN, World Bank, or Transparency International), usually inhere an abuse of public office or entrusted power for private gain
This study presents an initial exploratory probe into the structure and dynamics of corruption networks based on the data extracted from Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPA)
The last research question about temporal escalation was not possible to be addressed in the Güralp case, because the information contained in the Statements of Facts (SoF) did not allow us to clearly locate most of the interactions in at least specific months
Summary
Orthodox conceptions of ‘corruption’, as advocated within various institutions and organizations (e.g., UN, World Bank, or Transparency International), usually inhere an abuse of public office or entrusted power for private gain (cf. Heath et al, [26]). These conceptions incorporate qualitatively diverse activities, states of being, conditions and relations, such as bribery and embezzlement together with nepotism and patronage (Campbell and Lord, [10]: 1–2). Recognising the necessity of social relations and human interactions alongside normative perceptions of misuse and abuse, ought to be central to how we make sense of the emergence and functioning of particular manifestations of corruption, and how they are organised over time
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