Taguchi-integrated grey relational analysis for multi-response optimization of mix design for alkali-activated concrete

Abstract

Although alkali-activated concrete (AAC) has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement-based concrete due to its reduced carbon emissions and improved durability, optimizing AAC mix design still remains a challenging task as it involves complex interactions between various factors, constituent materials, and their proportions. This study presents the performance based multi-response optimization of alkali-activated concrete mix using Taguchi-integrated Grey Relational Analysis aiming for improved workability, mechanical and permeability properties. This study employs Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array to reduce the experimental trials, thereby saving time and resources. The Grey Relational Analysis optimizes factors like binder ratio, solution to binder (Al/b) ratio, and molarity of NaOH and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, encompassing alkali-activated concrete’s fresh, mechanical, and durability characteristics with structural grade properties. The results show that binder ratio (FA:GGBS) of 90:10, Al/b ratio of 0.45, 10 M NaOH solution with Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1 has produced the optimum alkali-activated concrete mix of structural (M40) grade.