Abstract
It is believed that tunnel construction will have significant and intricate effects on structures supported by piles. One of the most popular approaches to research is numerical modeling. This study looked into how tunnel placement affected piled foundation systems in layered soil. In sixteen models utilizing PLAXIS 2D finite element analysis, a square foundation with dimensions of 26×26×2 meters and a load of 200 kPa was applied to the soil profile representing Istanbul's Avcilar district. In the 11×7 formation, two groups of piles were created, each with a fixed spacing of 2.4 meters and varying diameters of 0.8, 1.2 with 30 meters in length. The piles were placed 4 meters out of the plane and 1 meter from the edges. For every pile group, a 10-meter-diameter tunnel was examined at two various Z⁄D and four various X⁄D from the foundation's center to determine the influence of the tunnel location. According to the results, the surface total settlement values decrease, and the differential settlements increase as the tunnel is positioned farther in the x direction from the foundation center axis. The pile's bending moment slightly decreases as the tunnel's horizontal location gets farther away from it. The tunnel's effect decreases with increasing distance within the influence zone. Tunnel settlement cannot be significantly reduced by deepening the tunnel or increasing the pile's diameter.
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