Abstract
Simple SummaryThe lipid deposition and health status of egg-laying hens is crucial to the development of the poultry industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genetic variations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) on the lipid metabolic diseases of laying hens during the late laying period. The results showed that the T329S mutation in FMO3 moderated the lipid parameters and decreased the atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in laying hens with homozygous T329S mutation. In conclusion, the T329S mutation in FMO3 is closely associated with the improvement of lipid metabolic diseases in laying hens during the late laying period. The results of this study may contribute to overcoming the challenge of lipid metabolic diseases in laying hens during the late laying period.The T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) impairs the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism in laying hens. The TMA metabolic pathway is closely linked to lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the T329S mutation in FMO3 on lipid metabolism in chickens during the late laying period. We selected 18 FMO3 genotyped individuals (consisting of six AA, six AT, and six TT hens) with similar body weight and production performance. The lipid metabolism and deposition characteristics of the laying hens with different genotypes were compared. The T329S mutation moderated the serum-lipid parameters in TT hens compared to those in AA and AT hens from 49 to 62 weeks. Furthermore, it reduced the serum trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations and increased the serum total bile acid (p < 0.05) and related lipid transporter levels in TT hens. Moreover, it significantly (p < 0.01) decreased atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in TT hens compared to those in the AA and AT hens. Our findings may help improve the health status in laying hens during the late laying period.
Highlights
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs, EC 1.14.13.8) are an important class of oxidases that are responsible for the oxygenation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom-containing organic substances, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous
We aimed to investigate whether the T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) can improve the health status by modulating the lipid metabolism in laying hens
The egg production of the 18 sampling chickens from 49 to 62 weeks showed that TT hens produced 52 eggs each, which was higher than (p > 0.05) the number of eggs produced by AA (49.8 eggs per hen) and AT (47.2 eggs per hen) hens
Summary
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs, EC 1.14.13.8) are an important class of oxidases that are responsible for the oxygenation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom-containing organic substances, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous. FMO3, which plays an important role in the metabolism of endogenous substances, is the most important member of the FMO family and is the predominant isoform that is involved in the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolic pathway [2]. This pathway involves the oxidation of TMA to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by hepatic FMO3, which is closely linked to many metabolic characteristics [3]. We speculated that the T329S could decrease the circulating TMAO levels in homozygous T329S (TT) hens compared to those of homozygous wild-type (AA) hens This mutation has a low mutation frequency in several Chinese local chicken varieties, such as Huainan Mahuang hens (3.8%), Hebei Chai hens (6.8%), and Wenchang hens (9.6%) [7,8]. It was detected in CAU-3, a strain of brown-egg dwarf chickens, that reaches to 5% production at 21 weeks of age and lays approximately 180 eggs from hatch to 52 weeks
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