Abstract
The article deals with the issues of the spatial direction of measurement, which is optimal in terms of recognition of the state of a particular unit node and preparation of control points for diagnosis. To form a diagnostic feature, the representation of the signal in a rather narrow range has been used, for instance, in the area of one of the harmonics of the fundamental mechanism excitation frequency. To process such signals, an integrated programming environment developed in the style of Microsoft Visual products has been created. To ensure the requirements of optimal vibration analysis, the structure of stationary equipment control systems has been proposed. Analysis of random vibration of the diagnosed object is done using real-time two-channel analyzers. Each analyzer channel has a processor for fast Fourier transform and operational information. The two available channels can allow assessment of the state of the object by special correlation functions. In contrast to the known methods, the established methods of determining the frequency range of defects of various light industry machine nodes differ in taking account size of parts and equipment nodes, and the possibility to use narrow-band filtering. The analysis of possibilities to install vibration sensors has been carried out.
Highlights
When diagnosing equipment and assessing performance of each unit, there is always the issue of spatial direction of measurements, which is optimal in terms of recognition of the state of a particular unit node and preparation of control points for diagnosis
Practical experience with vibrodiagnostics of rotor units has shown that the polyharmonic model of vibration signal is only a zero approximation in the description of complex oscillatory process of a real unit, it can be successfully used in source localization and in diagnosing gross defects such as destruction of turbine blades etc, causing a significant increase in the level of oscillations at certain frequencies
As a result of this research, a new technique and algorithm for obtaining and processing vibrating signals have been developed. Their difference from the previously known ones is determined by the use of a newly created vibration sensor on the basis of a piezoceramic microphone
Summary
When diagnosing equipment and assessing performance of each unit, there is always the issue of spatial direction of measurements, which is optimal in terms of recognition of the state of a particular unit node and preparation of control points for diagnosis. There is no complete answer to this question, but if it is impossible to carry out measurements in three main directions in the area of one bearing, or one needs to minimize the number of measurements, it is permissible to measure vibration in two directions: axial and one of the transverse directions. It is permissible to measure the axial vibration of the drive, supercharger and other unit nodes only at the bearing of the free end of the shaft. Since the reactions of mechanical systems to excitation by mechanical oscillations are determined by complex physical processes, when measuring even at one element of the unit at points of introduction, close to each other, the different nature of the studied oscillations can be observed. It is important to measure vibration in the same spots, called control (regular) vibration measurement points [1]
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