Systemic and local cytokine profile and risk factors for persistent allergic airway inflammation in patients sensitised to house dust mite allergens

Laura Tamasauskiene,Brigita Sitkauskiene

doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01798-8

Laura Tamasauskiene, Brigita Sitkauskiene

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01798-8

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Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate cytokine profile, vitamin D status, symptom score and quality of life in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases sensitised to house dust mites (HDM) in comparison with healthy individuals.Material and methodsPatients sensitized to HDM with persistent AR and having symptoms for at least 2 years with or without AA were involved into the study. Measurements of vitamin D level in serum and IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, IL-33 and IFN-gamma in serum and nasal lavage were performed by ELISA.ResultsEighty-one subjects were involved into the study. Serum IL-10 concentration was higher in patients with AR than in patients with AR and AA (6.71 ± 1.73 vs. 1.98 ± 0.24, p < 0.05). IFN-gamma level in nasal lavage was higher in patients with AR and AA than in patients with AR (p < 0.01) and healthy individuals (p < 0.05) (7.50 ± 0.37 vs. 6.80 ± 0.99 vs. 6.50 ± 0.22). Serum IL-22 negatively correlated with IL-22 in nasal lavage, whereas serum IFN-gamma positively correlated with IFN-gamma in nasal lavage. Positive correlation between serum IL-17 and total IgE and negative correlation between IL-17 in nasal lavage and eosinophils in nasal smear were found in patients with AR and AA. Serum IFN-gamma decreased the risk of AR for healthy individuals. Serum IL-10 and vitamin D decreased risk for development of AA for patients with AR. IL-22 in serum and IL-10 and IL-33 in nasal lavage increased this risk.ConclusionNovel cytokines such as IL-22, IL-17 and IL-33 and vitamin D may be involved in pathogenesis of persistent airway inflammation in patients sensitized to HDM.

Highlights

The prevalence of allergic airway diseases—allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA)—increases despite modern methods of diagnosis and treatment [1,2,3]
Study population Patients with persistent AR diagnosed according to the guidelines of Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and having symptoms for at least 2 years with or without AA diagnosed according to the guidelines of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) were involved into the study
IFN-gamma level in nasal lavage was higher in patients with AR and AA than in patients with AR only (p < 0.01) and in healthy individuals (p < 0.05) (7.50 ± 0.37 vs. 6.80 ± 0.99 vs. 6.50 ± 0.22, respectively)

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of allergic airway diseases—allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA)—increases despite modern methods of diagnosis and treatment [1,2,3] These chronic diseases that usually affect children and young adults is highly associated with poorer quality of life, Despite growing knowledge of pathogenesis of AR and AA and discovery of biomarkers and even modern individualised therapies, the diagnosis and treatment of these. Vincente et al investigated patients with sleep apnoea, which is associated with pharyngeal inflammation, and found differences in inflammatory markers between pharyngeal lavage and plasma [12] It is known a new phenotype of AR without systemic IgE-sensitisation tested by skin prick test and serum allergen-specific IgE called local AR (LAR) [13]. In this situation the main target of investigation should be local biomarkers

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