Systematic study of nuclear effects in p+Al, p+Au, d+Au , and He3+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV using π0 production

Abstract

The PHENIX Collaboration presents a systematic study of inclusive π0 production from p+p, p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and He3+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV. Measurements were performed with different centrality selections as well as the total inelastic, 0–100%, selection for all collision systems. For 0–100% collisions, the nuclear-modification factors, RxA, are consistent with unity for pT above 8GeV/c, but exhibit an enhancement in peripheral collisions and a suppression in central collisions. The enhancement and suppression characteristics are similar for all systems for the same centrality class. It is shown that for high-pT−π0 production, the nucleons in the d and He3 interact mostly independently with the Au nucleus and that the counterintuitive centrality dependence is likely due to a physical correlation between multiplicity and the presence of a hard scattering process. These observations disfavor models where parton energy loss has a significant contribution to nuclear modifications in small systems. Nuclear modifications at lower pT resemble the Cronin effect—an increase followed by a peak in central or inelastic collisions and a plateau in peripheral collisions. The peak height has a characteristic ordering by system size as p+Au>d+Au>He3+Au>p+Al. For collisions with Au ions, current calculations based on initial-state cold nuclear matter effects result in the opposite order, suggesting the presence of other contributions to nuclear modifications, in particular at lower pT.6 MoreReceived 11 November 2021Accepted 3 May 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.064902©2022 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasHadronic decaysLeptonic, semileptonic & radiative decaysParticle & resonance productionParticle decaysRelativistic heavy-ion collisionsPhysical SystemsMesonsTechniquesHadron collidersNuclear Physics